Financeirização habitacional e fragmentação socioespacial: uma análise a partir da cidade de Ananindeua/Pará

Abstract

The financialization process driven by globalization causes spatial and social changes on different scales. In the city of Ananindeua, located in the metropolitan region of Belém do Pará, the consumption of financialized housing is driven by the metropolitan dynamics in which the city is inserted, contributing to the fragmented production of space. Thus, this research aims to analyze how the financialization of housing contributes to socio-spatial fragmentation through the production of housing spaces in the city of Ananindeua/PA since the year 2000. The methodological procedures adopted consist mainly of bibliographic and documentary analysis through books, articles and documents related to the topic of the debate, data collection from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Brazilian Association of Real Estate Credit and Savings Entities (Abecip), the Construction Industry Union of the State of Pará (Sinduscon/PA), in addition to fieldwork and semi-structured interviews. The idea/thesis is defended that the insertion of new real estate businesses inherent to the financialization of housing space, the advancement of new economic agents of local, regional, national and international capital, as well as the structuring actions of public power (Large urban projects), associated with the processes of urbanization and metropolization of space, have contributed to the urban recomposition with the formation of urban (poly)centralities, constituting and contributing to the socio-spatial fragmentation, expressed from the spaces of habitation and consumption of urban space in Ananindeua at the beginning of the 21st century. The results indicate that there are axes of expansion of enterprises in the city that are consolidated based on different spatial practices, as well as on urban polycentralities, on the availability of locational convenience factors, and on land reserves that await valorization processes. Furthermore, changes occur in the spatial patterns that made up the center/periphery model, with a tendency towards a predominance of the logic of fragmentation of space where different social classes coexist, but remain distanced by elements intrinsic to real estate dynamics, making it necessary to understand the advancement of the processes of financialization and fragmentation in the face of the socio-spatial differentiations and inequalities inherent to Amazonian cities.