Avaliação de alternativas para projetos de descaracterização de uma barragem de rejeito de mineração utilizando análise comparativa multicritério

Abstract

The decharacterization of tailings has become an extremely relevant and urgent topic in the contemporary global scenario. Given the recent disasters and environmental tragedies resulting from the collapse of mining dams in Brazil in 2015 and 2019, the need to implement efficient and safe processes for the deactivation and recovery of these structures has become imperative. The complexity inherent to this type of enterprise demands a careful and comprehensive approach in evaluating the available options. The simple selection of an alternative based on a single criterion, such as financial cost or deadline, for example, can result in adverse consequences and negative impacts from both a technical, economic, environmental and social point of view. Given the above, this dissertation aims to explore the importance of analyzing alternatives considering multiple criteria in the process of choosing the best solution for the mining dam decharacterization project. Through a literature review and presentation of a case study of the decharacterization of a Manganese dam using the assessment of technical, environmental, economic and socioeconomic requirements as a decisive element in choosing the solution to be detailed. The methodology consists of analyzing the proposed alternative scenarios, including the definition and weighting of the multiple variables to be evaluated. The result obtained demonstrates that the adoption of multiple criteria, which encompass not only economic aspects, but also environmental, social, technical and safety aspects, was fundamental to guarantee a well-informed and sustainable decision. It was evidenced that the analysis of multiple criteria was also able to favor the decision-making process in mining dam decharacterization solutions, facilitating traceability and understanding between the stakeholders involved in projects of this nature.