Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Filogeografia de Bucco tamatia (Aves: Bucconidae): uma linhagem associada a florestas alagadas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02) ALMEIDA, Bruno; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-7816-9725; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
We present a multilocus phylogeographic analysis of the polytypic species Bucco tamatia, based on sequences from two mitochondrial markers (Cytb and ND2) and four nuclear genes (BF7, MUSK, G3PDH and CHD), obtained from 46 individuals widely distributed throughout the Amazon Basin. Our aim was to reconstruct the temporal and spatial contexts of diversification of this Amazonian endemic lineage, associated with flooded environments. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods, and divergence times were estimated through coalescent-based molecular dating. Our data revealed a marked incongruence between the current taxonomic treatment and the evolutionary history of B. tamatia, supporting the recognition of at least three biological species and five evolutionary/phylogenetic species within the complex. The results also revealed a previously unknown connection between Amazonian areas of endemism situated in the extreme east and west of the basin. These findings highlight a complex evolutionary history and distinct patterns of genetic differentiation between flooded and upland forest populations, following an initial divergence associated with these environments. In contrast to several bird lineages associated with flooded habitats in Amazonia, B. tamatia exhibits a higher degree of phylogeographic structure. Moreover, rivers appear to be the main drivers of diversification in this lineage, a pattern more typical of upland forest species. Our data provide further evidence for the recognition of distinct areas of endemism in Amazonian flooded forests, supporting a scenario of historical disconnections between drainages that are now unified by the Amazon River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito das espécies raras e comuns na diversidade funcional de aves florestais em uma paisagem dominada por palma-de-dendê na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03) PINHEIRO, Beatriz Tavares; ALMEIDA, Sara Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2785084573828283; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-8372-5482; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
The advance of agro-industry in the Amazon is a major threat to biodiversity, causing intense deforestation to make way for cattle ranching and monocultures such as palm oil. Forest loss can alter the distribution and population size of rare species that are limited in number of individuals or area of occurrence, affecting the functional structure of communities and ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed the contribution of rare and common species to the functional diversity of forest bird communities in a landscape dominated by oil palm plantations. Bird sampling was conducted using a point count method in oil palm plantations and forest fragments in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. A total of 232 bird species was recorded, of which 198 occurred in the fragments and 53 in plantations. For each species occurring in forest fragments, we calculated a rarity index combining local abundance, geographic range and habitat specificity. We calculated functional richness (FRic), functional originality (FOri), functional specialization (FSpe) and community-weighted trait means (CWM), and compared them between forest and plantation communities considering three scenarios: 1) total pool of species recorded in forest versus plantation; 2) rarest species are removed from forest; and 3) more common species are removed from forest.There was a clear difference in trait composition between the two habitats. Removal of rare species increased functional diversity, but decreased functional redundancy. In contrast, the removal of common species reduced FOri and FSpe values, demonstrating that common forest bird species make unique functional contributions. We conclude that the loss of both rare and common species affects forest bird communities, and that it is essential to conserve and protect forested areas to ensure ecosystem health and resilience.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de helmintos parasitos de uma população de Osteocephalus cabrerai (Anura: Hylidae) na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) NEVES, Jorge Kevin da Silva; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-2923
Amphibians are good models for studies of parasite diversity due to their wide range of life strategies, standing out as hosts for various groups of nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, monogeneans, and acanthocephalans. The structure of parasitic communities in anurans can be influenced by various biotic or abiotic factors. Despite being extensively studied, the taxa found are rarely identified to the species level. To date, no parasitological studies have been conducted on representatives of Osteocephalus cabrerai, leaving the parasitic fauna of these anurans completely unknown. This study aims to characterize the diversity of parasitic helminths of O. cabrerai from the Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo Extractive Reserve. This thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter consists of a published Research Article that presents the first records of parasites for O. cabrerai, analyzing the composition and characteristics of the parasitic community, patterns of parasite distribution, and the correlation between host biotic factors and the characteristics of the community. We predominantly found nematodes with a monoxenous life cycle, high prevalence, and abundant infection. Most specimens represent the first record of parasites for the genus Osteocephalus. Additionally, in our analyses, individuals with greater body mass tended to have higher susceptibility to parasitic helminth infections. The second chapter presents a Short Communication with the first molecular and phylogenetic analyses involving A. pella, concluding that the genus Aplectana is not monophyletic. We provide the first study on the helminth community structure of O. cabrerai and add the first sequence of Aplectana from the Neotropical region. Thus, we enhance the understanding of the diversity and ecology of parasitic helminths in anurans, as well as the phylogenetic relationships of species within the family Cosmocercidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia urbana de uma abelha nativa: respostas comportamentais de colônias de uruçu amarela (Melipona flavolineata, Apidae, Meliponini) às variações climáticas em um gradiente de urbanização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02) GATTY, Dora Carmela Ramirez; VEIGA, Jamille Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2287525928643401; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7554-2785; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-5048
Urbanization can generate changes in the structure of the environment, also affecting physical- chemical processes. These changes over time have caused the loss of habitats and with them the reduction of populations of stingless bees, which are a group of insects important for the maintenance of ecosystems. Stingless bee populations, unlike the Apis genus, are at risk of reducing their population because they are not very flexible to changes and their possibility of adapting to urbanized areas is very low. For this reason, our study aimed to know the urban ecology of the stingless bee species Melipona flavolineata, measuring their responses in foraging behavior and posture to climatological parameters in environments with different degrees of urbanization (agroforestry-semi- urban and urban). We observed 12 colonies of M. flavolineata for five months. The observations were weekly, alternating internal and external activity. The rate of foraging (weekly average) was evaluated from 7:00 am to 11:00 am (time of greatest foraging) and bees were counted back to the colony, parallel to this process, data of temperature, relative humidity, luminosity and barometric pressure were recorded. The laying rate (weekly average) was assessed for four consecutive days in the corresponding week. The results showed that the climatological parameters had a high variation in the three collection points, affecting the performance of the bees. Barometric pressure and relative humidity had a positive and significant effect on pollen collection. Relative humidity and temperature had a positive and significant effect with the nectar foraging; barometric pressure had a negative, non- significant effect. The laying rate was higher as the relative humidity was added, showing a positive relationship; barometric pressure had a positive, but not significant, effect. The relationships between the foraging rate and the laying rate; as well as the relationship between the pollen foraging rate and the nectar foraging rate, were positive and significant and did not differ between environments, just by the amplitude of the data. Thus, we conclude that the stingless bee M. flavolineata is a species that is not tolerant of completely urbanized areas, and its capacity to adapt to environments with unfavorable environmental conditions is very limited, as its activities are restricted by high climatic variations and probably by the scarcity of food resources. In this sense, it would be good to implement studies of the urban ecology of smaller species, and to add in the studies of responses to climatic factors the barometric pressure parameter which, according to our results, affects the behavior of stingless bees
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencial de contribuição de Tapirus terrestris (Tapiridae, Perissodactyla) na restauração florestal pós mineração de bauxita na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03) AMARAL, Lia Torres; CERQUEIRA, Roberta Macedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2863595777814509; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-9678
Seed dispersal is one of the ecosystem services with high potential to accelerate the forest restoration process in degraded areas. Considered the largest terrestrial herbivores in South America, tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) L.1758 play an essential role in dispersal, herbivory and nutrient cycling in neotropical forests. In this study, we investigated the potential of the Tapirus terrestris species to contribute to the forest restoration process through seed dispersal in areas recovering after bauxite extraction. To do this, we collected 30 faecal samples and screened and identified the seeds found. We recorded 51,961 seeds from 33 plant species distributed across 11 families. Of the total seeds recorded, 78% remained physically intact after passing through the tapirs' digestive tract. The high concentration of faeces in forest restoration areas shows that these areas are attractive to tapirs. The most abundant taxa were from Cecropia, Byrsonima, Mimosa and Solanum. Our results reinforce the seed-dispersing role attributed to the species Tapirus terrestris, in addition to adding at least seven new potentially dispersed species to the general list existing for the Neotropics in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos parasitos de Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Viperidae) da Amazônia Oriental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-05) MOURA, Fred Gabriel Haick de; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-8935-2923; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Snakes play an important role in the life cycles of a wide variety of parasitic helminths, acting as both definitive and intermediate hosts. Several factors can influence the diversity, composition, and structure of parasite communities associated with these reptiles. Bothrops atrox, a venomous snake belonging to the family Viperidae and widely distributed throughout the Amazon, is of great medical relevance. Despite having a relatively well-documented helminth fauna, gaps remain in our understanding of the parasite-host dynamics involving this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and structure of the helminth community of B. atrox in two localities within the Brazilian Amazon. This dissertation is structured into two chapters. In the first, we present results from a comparative analysis of the helminth community structure in B. atrox from two contrasting Amazonian environments: ombrophilous forest and natural open fields. Our analyses revealed a higher abundance of parasites in hosts from forested areas, and a positive correlation between host body size and parasite abundance. This is the first study specifically dedicated to investigating the diversity and structure of helminth communities in B. atrox across different ecosystems. In the second chapter, we describe a new species of the genus Kalicephalus, based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. This species showed the highest levels of abundance, dominance, and prevalence in forest communities. The chapter also brings new insights into the evolutionary history of the genus, contributing to a better understanding of its diversity and evolution. Thus, our study provides new data for understanding the diversity and ecology of helminth parasites of snakes in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrão de distribuição de larvas de EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) em riachos na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03) RAMOS, Thaiz Maria; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6188-4386; KOROIVA, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3262687790057613; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-0824
Dispersal is the movement of organisms between habitats in the landscape. It is essential for the establishment of species in new locations and for the maintenance of genetic diversity in the region. Its efficiency depends on the dispersal capacity of individual species, environmental variables and the distance between habitats. The mechanisms of community structuring and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic invertebrates have been assessed using approaches based on species' functional traits, but the use of this method to determine species' dispersal potential is still understudied. Therefore, the dispersal potential of most species is determined indirectly based on functional traits and mainly using expert knowledge. Based on this scenario, the aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the dispersal pattern of EPT larvae (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and attempt to classify the dispersal potential of genera based on functional dispersal traits and relate these traits to environmental variables. The dissertation is divided into two chapters. In Chapter 1, we examine how functional dispersal traits of EPT larvae are related to environmental conditions of rivers in the eastern Amazon. Most of the traits and their categories were negatively or positively related to some of the nine physicochemical variables selected in the study. Thus, we confirm the fact that environmental conditions influence the composition of functional dispersal traits. In Chapter 2, we classify the dispersal potential of the genera of EPT larvae based on the functional dispersal traits and after consultation with experts of each order. The Ephemeroptera was the order with the most genera with high dispersal potential, while the Plecoptera genera had medium and low values for dispersal. The Trichoptera genera had very different values for dispersal potential. We also investigated whether the dispersal ability of EPT larval genera was reflected in their abundance and prevalence in the rivers of eastern Amazonia, which was not confirmed. In our study, we found that functional traits, whether related to dispersal or not, are excellent tools to be used as proxies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência das características morfológicas e do habitat físico sobre a capacidade de dispersão de Odonata em igarapés amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-01) PEREIRA, Silvia Rafaela Alves; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6188-4386; KOROIVA, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3262687790057613; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-0824
Species' dispersal capacity is directly related to their individual morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics and to the ecological context in which they live. Species with a lower dispersal capacity tend to be more vulnerable to climate change and more intensive land use. This is due to the loss of vegetation cover and fragmentation leading to a change in habitat connectivity and thermal conditions in the environment. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting the dispersal capacity of adult Odonata in Amazonian streams, focusing on morphological traits and the effects of land use and environmental integrity. We tested the hypotheses: i) body size, thorax volume, and wing base width are positively related to dispersal capacity and wing aspect ratio is negatively related to dispersal capacity; ii) greater forest cover and habitat integrity are negatively related to dispersal capacity, as a larger canopy filters out individuals with lower flight ability. The study was conducted in 12 streams in Barcarena, Pará, Brazil. We used the mark-recapture method and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. We considered landscape variables (forest formation and pasture), physical habitat variables (channel cover, undergrowth, channel width, habitat integrity index, and temperature), morphological variables (total body length, thoracic volume, and wing aspect ratio) and we used dispersal capacity (distance in meters) as a response variable. 541 individuals were tagged (n=466 Zygoptera e n=75 Anisoptera). The recapture rate was 29% for Zygoptera and 1.4% for Anisoptera. Most of the individuals recaptured were males belonging to the genera Mnesarete, Argia and Hetaerina. Approximately 91% of the individuals moved less than 60 meters. The results, which related only to Zygoptera, partially confirmed the first hypothesis: wing aspect ratio was negatively related to dispersal capacity, suggesting that shorter and wider wings are associated with greater flight ability. However, no direct relationship was found between habitat integrity or forest formation and dispersion, but forest formation and channel width influenced the morphology of individuals' wing aspect ratio. These patterns suggest that genera occurring in forested environments, such as Heteragrion, which have a higher wing aspect ratio, have a lower dispersal capacity, while those adapted to higher temperatures and light availability, such as Mnesarete and Hetaerina, have a lower wing aspect ratio and greater dispersal capacity. We emphasize the vulnerability of individuals with lower dispersal capacity to changes in their aquatic habitats and changes in the surrounding terrestrial landscape due to loss of vegetation cover.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência das características funcionais nas propriedades estruturais das redes de interações entre abelhas e plantas e na especialização das espécies
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05) BRITO, Renata dos Reis; RIBEIRO, Felipe Martello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303; GIANNINI, Tereza Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5065441638246972; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-1204
Interaction networks are regulated by several factors, including functional traits, which one can predict network structural properties and also define the interaction partners pairs. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of functional traits on the structural properties of plant-bee networks and species specialization in forest areas of the eastern Amazon. Interaction data were collected at 14 sampling sites in the Carajás National Forest (Pará; Amazon biome). We used the metrics Interaction Diversity (ID) and Interaction Evenness (IE) to describe the network topological structure. The specialization metric d' was used to determine whether species were generalists or specialists. The functional diversity was represented by the following metrics: Functional Dispersion (FDis) and Functional Evenness (FEve). Z-score analyses were performed to assess whether there were differences in the ID and IE metrics considering the 14 networks analyzed. To assess whether and which bee and plant functional traits are associated with specialization, we used linear models for numerical traits and ANOVA for categorical traits. For the assessment of the relationship between ID and IE with functional diversity, we made a selection of linear models corrected for network size, with network metrics as response variables and functional metrics as predictors. We recorded a total of 60 bee species visiting 74 plant species. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the ID and IE metrics between the sampling sites. This indicates that the diversity and evenness of interactions did not vary between sampling sites. The species Borreria ocymifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral has on average low values of specialization d'. It is also the most common plant, occurring in 11 of the 14 sampled sites. Another six more common plant species that were identified also have on average low values of specialization d', which may be an indication of opportunistic partner selection in comparison to other species in the networks. The species Trigona guianae Cockerell, 1910 has an average value of specialization d'. It is also the most common bee, occurring at all sampled sites. Functional traits were not related to the specialization d' of either plants or bees. Functional dispersal of plants was positively related to interaction diversity in this study, suggesting that plant communities are functionally more unique. Network size was also positively related to interaction diversity. In conclusion, it is important to consider the diversity and species functions of bee-plant interaction networks to understand the ecology of these relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Integrando conhecimentos locais e armadilhas fotográficas para avaliar a detecção e as características ecológicas que afetam a presença e a abundância de vertebrados médios e grandes no Vale do Xingu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) VULCÃO, Otávio Augusto Pereira Leão; CARVALHO JUNIOR, Elildo Alves Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7456274393700395; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-4356-2954; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The choice of appropriate methods to observe population changes of species of interest in environmental monitoring is crucial to ensure the sustainability of long-term programs. This is a challenge in assessing medium and large vertebrates due to their ecological importance and relatively high costs for evaluation. In tropical regions, the methods commonly used are transect censuses or camera traps. However, both methods have limitations and can incur high costs and difficult maintenance, especially in megadiverse tropical countries. Including methods based on local ecological knowledge (LEK) can contribute to the sustainability of monitoring programs. We assessed the congruence between detection rates obtained from camera traps and sightings and traces detected through LEK in two protected areas of Eastern Amazonia, comparing detection probabilities and testing the influence of three ecological traits. We observed that, despite an overall positive relationship, the rates obtained by both methods show high variability. For 11 out of 20 species, the probability of detection was greater using the method that identified traces through LEK from local monitors. Among the selected traits, body mass, sociability, and trophic niche, only the last characteristic was significant within our models, indicating a detection capability primarily based on the behavioral patterns of the species. Our results demonstrate the significant ability of local monitors to detect the presence of species of interest, as well as the applicability of LEK in faunal monitoring. We recommend collaborative research strategies and the inclusion of the knowledge and experience of local populations in monitoring and conservation programs in the Amazon and other tropical systems, which are the regions richest in both biological diversity and sociocultural richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Phylogeography and population genetics of the needle-billed hermit (phaethornis philippii, aves, trochilidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02) NASCIMENTO, Nayron Francês do; ALEIXO, Alexandre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-9725
Phaethornis philippii is a monotypic species of hummingbird, with distribution in the humid forests of western and Central Amazonia. It occurs in eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and Brazil, south of the Solimões and Amazon rivers and west of the Tapajós river. Despite being included in some previous phylogenetic works, the evolutionary history of the species has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we review the taxonomy of the species through morphological and molecular characters, in addition to proposing a denser phylogenetic hypothesis for the lineages grouped in P. philippii and to investigate its history of diversification, comparing it with biogeographic scenarios already proposed for the Amazon. Our phylogenetic and population genetic analyzes revealed six reciprocally monophyletic lineages within P. philippii and suggest that diversification in this group occurred during the Pleistocene between 2.5 and 0.3 mya. Our results show that Phaethornis philippii may have difficulties crossing barriers such as major Amazon rivers. Even narrower rivers such as Aripuanã, Jiparaná and Tarauacá can represent barriers to dispersal, reinforcing the hypothesis that “mini-interfluves” also have a notable influence regarding the structuring and diversification of birds in the Amazon. Our study sheds light on the historical population dynamics of this species, which may have also been influenced by climatic variations during the late Pleistocene, where we found evidence of recent events influencing the diversification of lineages within P. philippii, mainly associated to current and historical courses of Amazonian rivers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições taxonômicas para Palpigera Hebard (Orthoptera:Phalangopsidae) com descrição de novas espécies , novos registros e proposição de um novo gênero para Luzarina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04) FRANCO, Lianderson Farias; TAVARES, Gustavo Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1932927205901338; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-1395-7552; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5296
The subtribe Luzarina is the most representative in the neotropical region, currently with 128 valid species distributed across 49 genera. In this study, we contribute to the knowledge of the group by describing five new species of Palpigera and a new genus with a new species, Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov. The five Palpigera species were identified from 74 specimens collected in different locations in Brazil, including Serra do Cachimbo (PA), Canaã dos Carajás (PA), São José do Rio Claro (MT), Cocalzinho de Goiás (GO), and the Parque Nacional das Sete Cidades (PI). Morphological and internal genitalia analysis revealed that these species differ from other members of the genus in features such as the shape of the palpi, the tenth tergite, metanotal glands, the arrangement of the tympana on the forelegs, vein cells in the tegmina, and the morphology of the phallic complex. These species represent the first records of Palpigera for the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil. Additionally, we describe Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov., collected in the Amazon rainforest. This new genus, probably related to Melanotes and Palpigera, is distinguished by its reduced tegmina without a stridulatory apparatus, absence of tympanum, long and thin palpi, shape of the endophallus sclerite, bifid endophallus apodeme, and shape of the female copulatory papilla. These findings expand the taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge of the Luzarina subtribe in the neotropical region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Taxonomia de Dasythemis (Karsch, 1889) (Odonata: Libellulidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11) MIRANDA FILHO, Jair da Costa; VILELA, Diogo Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3091410701509383; NASCIMENTO, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3880118795645876; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7495
Among the insects of the order Odonata, the suborder Anisoptera stands out for its cosmopolitan distribution and high dispersal capacity. This is made easier by their broad, non-petiolate wings, with a developed anal area on the hind wings. When perched, individuals of this suborder are recognizable by keeping their wings open. They also have a robust body and high flight capacity. Anisoptera is currently divided into five superfamilies: Aeshnoidea, Petaluroidea, Gomphoidea, Cordulegastroidea and Libelluloidea. Libelluloidea includes the most diverse and ubiquitous family, Libellulidae, which includes the target group of this study. Dasythemis is endemic to South America and has a complex taxonomic history. The lack of recent studies highlights significant gaps in understanding the diversity, taxonomy and geographical distribution of species in this group. Considering this, the present research aimed to fill these gaps through a detailed review of the literature, analysis of material collected from different regions, and a comprehensive study of morphology. To achieve this, 168 specimens from 11 institutions in three South American countries - Argentina, Brazil and Peru - were analyzed. The specimens were identified based on general identification keys and original descriptive works. For the redescriptions, the wing terminologies followed the proposal by Riek and Kukalová-Peck (1984), with modifications by Bechly (1996). The nomenclature of other morphological structures was based on Asahina (1945) and Garrison et al. (2006). Photographs were taken using a stereomicroscope equipped with a camera and illuminated by an LED dome for uniform lighting. As a result, all species and one subspecies were redescribed in a standardized manner, employing features used in more recent studies on the group. All species were illustrated with photographs; additionally, the vesica spermalis was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), illustrating this structure in detail for the first time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Taxonomia de Stenochironomus Kieffer, 1919 (Diptera: Chironomidae) da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02) SOUSA, Arthur Felipe Diniz; DANTAS, Galileu Petronilo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1581395125825780; NASCIMENTO, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3880118795645876; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7495
Stenochironomus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) is a diverse and cosmopolitan group whose taxonomy is mainly based on the morphology of adult male genitalia. This genus was revised by Borkent (1984), who developed identification keys for larvae, pupae, and adults from the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic regions. Additionally, the author proposed the subdivision of the genus into two subgenera based on the morphology and habitat of immatures and larvae: Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) Borkent for leaf-mining species, and Stenochironomus s. str. Kieffer for trunk-mining larvae. There are approximately 112 species of Stenochironomus distributed worldwide (except in Antarctica), of which 39 occur in the Neotropical region and 30 in Brazil, with 27 recorded in the Amazon region. However, some immature stages of Neotropical Stenochironomus are still unknown: among the 39 species described for the region, 24 have described pupae, and 18 have described larvae. Based on this, the present work aims to conduct a taxonomic study of Stenochironomus from the Amazon. To this goal, material from previous collections conducted by the Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Cytotaxonomy (INPA) in the Brazilian Amazon was analyzed. The association with immature stages was made possible through the collection of submerged leaves colonized by Stenochironomus larvae, which were transported to the laboratory for rearing until the emergence of adults. Material collected using Malaise and Pennsylvania traps was also analyzed. As result, eight new species were identified for the genus, of which five were described by associating their developmental stages with males, one was described based on males and pupae, and two were described based solely on males. Furthermore, the distribution of Stenochironomus figueiredoensis Danta, Hamada & Mendes, Stenochironomus liviae Danta, Hamada & Mendes, and Stenochironomus roquei Dantas, Hamada & Mendes was expanded to the state of Acre. Thus, this study contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of Stenochironomus in Brazil, particularly in the Amazon rainforest, by expanding the number of known species in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Urhai gen. nov., um novo gênero para Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03) FERREIRA, Adiney Ferreira; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5296
Edessinae is the second most diverse subfamily of Pentatomidae, with approximately 500 described species distributed in 17 genera. This taxon is considered monophyletic, supported by molecular evidence and morphological characteristics. Among the genera, Edessa stands out for harboring more than 300 species, but it faces taxonomic challenges, including problems of nomenclature and classification, and is often considered a "species repository". This work aims to describe a new genus with three species previously allocated to Edessa and five new species. For the study, 94 specimens from national and foreign institutions were analyzed. Urhai gen. nov. is easily recognized by the morphology of the body, mainly presenting the head with median punctuations forming two vertical stripes on the clypeus, antennal articles I–III with small dark circular spots, pronotum with developed humeral angle; flattened and punctuated dorsoventrally; distal margin laminar; posterior angle spiniform, posterior margin of the pronotum covering the anterior part of the scutellum, metasternal process flattened; anterior arms of the bifurcation reaching or nearly reaching the limit of the propleura; distal margin generally straight. Diagnoses, species identification key and distribution maps were presented. This study is of great importance in understanding the diversity of Edessinae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O futuro dos quelônios amazônicos no contexto das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04) SILVA, Iago Barroso da; FAGUNDES, Camila Kurzmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7942655716698636; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Assessing the effects of global warming on species distribution is largely necessary for understanding its consequences on biodiversity. Based on knowledge about the current and expected effects of climate change in the Amazon and in the chelonian group, this study used species distribution models to understand the consequences of these changes in the potential areas of species occurrence, answering the following questions: 1) Which regions and what is the extent of the distribution of Amazonian chelonians that will be experienced by future climate changes? 2) Which species will be most impacted? As a result, we observed that the models presented considerable performances. They stand out as, as projections of potential distributions in the current period, the wide distribution of the species Chelonoidis denticulatus; C. carbonarius and Platemys platycephala. For future climate scenario projections, all lost species are potential. Phrynops tuberosus (87.69%), M. nasuta (82.51%), P. platycephala (45.16%), M. raniceps (43.96%), P. sextuberculata (38.69%), C denticulatus (36.19%) are the species that most lost area in this scenario. For a more extreme future scenario, the species that lost the greatest potential area are M. nasuta (98.93%), P. tuberosus (97.87%), P. erythrocephala (66.26%), M. raniceps (63.46%), C. denticulatus (61.62%). Chelonians are animals that are very protected by the hydrological dynamics of water bodies, which will be especially impacted in the Amazon, avoiding changes in flow, precipitation, humidity, extent of flooding and the intensity of phenomena in different seasons of the basin. These changes will bring deleterious effects to chelonians, which depend on the river level and the area and period of flooding for reproduction and feeding. Chelonians with semiaquatic habits also lose very important feeding areas with the change in the hydrological regime and the landscape around the rivers. Very worrying is the fact that all species of turtles in the Amazon will be affected by climate change, with the vast majority losing large areas of suitable environmental areas for their occurrence. Mitigation actions, in the long term, at different scales, are essential to soften the effects of this scenario and contribute to the preservation of these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trilha de pesquisador e trilha de morador: análise comparativa para o monitoramento da fauna em duas unidades de conservação na Terra do Meio, Amazônia Oriental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Paola Maria Feio; ENDO, Whaldener; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8408566223923754; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4398; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The Amazon has a high diversity of medium and large vertebrates, which are essential for forest dynamics. They stand out for being the most hunted by local human populations and, as a result, it is likely that changes in the composition, wealth and abundance of this group of animals will occur throughout the territory. This human-animal interaction creates disturbances for both parties, reducing the chances of direct or indirect encounters, causing losses to the subsistence hunting of local communities. Due to this situation, the ability of wildlife to persist in areas of varying human densities is discussed, especially in protected areas, and it is necessary to establish monitoring programs to understand and deal with the threats mentioned above. This work sought to evaluate the feasibility of using trails of residents (TM) for monitoring vertebrates, comparing the results obtained in trails of researcher of the protocol TEAM (TPt) and trails of researcher of the Minimum Protocol (TPm). An Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis, rarefaction curves and richness demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the composition of species obtained in TM, TPt and TPm. Despite the significant difference between the areas, the richness and abundance data in TPt were more stable among all registered species, in addition to showing a similarity with the richness and abundance data obtained in TM. Therefore, it is possible that future monitoring actions may take place in the trails of residents present in extractive reserves.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) da Amazônia Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08) SOUZA, Matheus Tavares de; CARVALHO FILHO, Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987049452090800; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-5338
The family Sarcophagidae (Diptera) has a cosmopolitan distribution, comprising 3.000 describeds species in 355 genera. Sarcophaginae is the most abundant and diverse subfamily in the new world. There are few studies about the family from Neotropical region, especially from Brazilian Amazon region, where there are few taxonomists. Therefore, this study enlarge the knowledge on the fauna of Sarcophaginae from the Brazilian Amazon, through descriptions and redescriptions of species and confection of dichotomous key to species of this region. This work was based on bibliographic survey and specimens from Brazilian Amazon housed in four entomological collections of Brazil. Morphological analysis, measurements and drawings of male species was presented. 132 species and 31 genera of Sarcophaginae from Brazilian Amazon have been found. Was made a description of a two new specie of the genus Dexosarcophaga and one Rettenmeyerina . A redescription of the monotypic genus Promayoa Dodge, 1966, was made with new illustrates. A keys to males are also provided, except for the species of the genus Lepidodexia , because the large number of undescribed Neotropical species of this genus would make any effort premature pending a complete revision of the fauna.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da exploração madeireira na estrutura ecomorfológica das assembleias de peixes em riachos de terra firme na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04) JACOB, Laís Lobato; PRUDENTE, Bruno da Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0790796091423878; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-2431; SILVA, Rogério Rosa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5989181105383977
Changes resulting from logging modify the physical structure of stream habitats indirectly, and consequently the ecomorphological structure of fish assemblages. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of changes in the physical structure of the habitat resulting from conventional logging (CL) and reduced-impact logging (RIL), in the ecomorphological structure of the fish assemblages of streams of the Eastern Amazon, verifying (1) which variables of the physical structure of the habitat are associated to the different methods of exploration; (2) if there is a difference in the ecomorphological structure of the fish assemblages of the different treatments, and (3) which ecomorphological characters are associated with physical variables of the habitat. In each stream 14 physical variables of the habitat were measured, as well as fish samples collected using hand nets. The collected specimens were affected in Eugenol, fixed in 10% formalin and after 48h transferred to 70% alcohol. Possible differences in habitat structure and ecomorphological structure of fish assemblages between treatments were evaluated by Multiple Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA). The relationships between the habitat variables and the ecomorphological characters were evaluated through Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The structure of the streams habitat differed among all treatments, with control areas showing higher vegetation cover and higher average substrate size. As for ecomorphology, we also found that there was a difference in ecomorphological structure among all treatments. In EC environments, species with greater relative head length, with the wider pectoral fin and with more compressed caudal peduncle were predominant in these environments; in control areas, species with wider mouth were favored; and in RIL areas, more flattened species were predominant. Logging affects the habitat structure of the streams, resulting in loss of plant cover and average substrate size. There was a reduction of plant cover and average substrate size in areas of EC and RIL areas. In this sense, it is believed that both the EC and the RIL have the potential to alter the ecomorphological structure, and consequently the ecosystem services provided by the assemblages of fish from streams in the Amazon. So even if EIR reduces damage to forests, it is failing to protect the ecosystems of streams, since changes have been observed in these environments when compared to control areas. However greater efforts should be employed to fully understand such a relationship and proportions that the damage can cause to the ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva do peixe tetra splash Copella arnoldi (Regan 1912) em uma bacia do atlântico noroeste ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) FARIAS, Rafael Rodrigues; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-3138; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-6747
Fish that spawn in the terrestrial environment tend to have a higher energy expenditure against the risk of dehydration of eggs and the degree of survival of juveniles, eventually adjusting their reproduction to the hydrological conditions of the environment. Therefore, the present work had the objective of analyzing the influence of precipitation on reproductive aspects of tetra splash Copella arnoldi on the Taiassuí river, in a basin of Northwest Atlantic West, Pará State, Brazil. A total of 171 specimens were collected in bimonthly campaigns from August 2016 to June 2017, in laboratory standard length and total weight were evaluated, then the specimens were eviscerated for later weighing and analysis of the gonads. The gonads underwent histological routine to determine the stage of gonadal development. The mature gonads were placed in Gilson's solution and dissociated to obtain the data of fecundity and type of spawning. On average, each mature female of C. arnoldi. possessed 85 oocytes; the lowest and highest oocyte diameter frequency was in the 700-300 μm class, respectively; the modal type distribution indicates a total spawning. The L50 was estimated at 18.09 mm for females and 18.52 mm for males. The weight-length relationship indicated that females and males tend to grow in equal proportions of weight and length. The condition factor did not change in relation to the rainfall cycle, although slightly higher values were observed during the dry season. The sex ratio remained the expected (1: 1) throughout the study period, however during April and August there is a predominance of females in the population. The spawning period of C. arnoldi appears to be associated with the rainy season, since two reproductive peaks can be observed in December (early rainy season) and April (month of higher precipitation). Thus, we show that C. arnoldi synchronizes spawning with the rainy season probably due to a lower risk of egg dehydration and greater survival of juveniles.