Dissertações em Engenharia de Barragem e Gestão Ambiental (Mestrado) - PEBGA/NDAE/Tucuruí

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9396

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desafios para implantação dos protocolos estabelecidos no Padrão Global da Indústria para a Gestão de Rejeitos (GISTM), estudo de caso: estruturas de disposição de rejeitos no sudeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-25) SOUSA, Rodolfo Pereira; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
The creation of the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) is a milestone for the world's largest mining companies, created with the aim of guaranteeing zero harm to communities and the environment This research aims to present the challenges of implementing the GISTM (Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management) for tailings disposal structures, located in the southeast of the state of Pará, being a dam, raised downstream, and a pit, which is an old mining area where the mineral reserve was exhausted in 2021. In order to assess the levels of compliance with the Global Standard, the technical collection of the tailings dam and pit was used to enable the application of the Compliance Protocols proposed by GISTM. The work presents the level of maturity in 3 stages, in the years 2023, 2024 and 2025. Although GISTM proposes requirements for an integrated analysis of tailings management, due to the different nature of the tailings disposal facilities, the facilities were evaluated in isolation. Based on the research, the dam was found to be more compliant with the items required by GISTM, with a more robust technical document framework than the pit. It is concluded that this result is correlated with the fact that the dam complies with Brazil's National Dam Safety Policy (PNSB), while the pit, as a tailings disposal structure, has no regulations for this use. In addition, it should be noted that although the pit is considered an unconventional disposal structure, the implementation of GISTM is required, subject to some adaptations in the understanding of what is proposed by the GISTM.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de alternativas para projetos de descaracterização de uma barragem de rejeito de mineração utilizando análise comparativa multicritério
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-10) OLIVEIRA, Pedro Lucas Louzada de; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
The decharacterization of tailings has become an extremely relevant and urgent topic in the contemporary global scenario. Given the recent disasters and environmental tragedies resulting from the collapse of mining dams in Brazil in 2015 and 2019, the need to implement efficient and safe processes for the deactivation and recovery of these structures has become imperative. The complexity inherent to this type of enterprise demands a careful and comprehensive approach in evaluating the available options. The simple selection of an alternative based on a single criterion, such as financial cost or deadline, for example, can result in adverse consequences and negative impacts from both a technical, economic, environmental and social point of view. Given the above, this dissertation aims to explore the importance of analyzing alternatives considering multiple criteria in the process of choosing the best solution for the mining dam decharacterization project. Through a literature review and presentation of a case study of the decharacterization of a Manganese dam using the assessment of technical, environmental, economic and socioeconomic requirements as a decisive element in choosing the solution to be detailed. The methodology consists of analyzing the proposed alternative scenarios, including the definition and weighting of the multiple variables to be evaluated. The result obtained demonstrates that the adoption of multiple criteria, which encompass not only economic aspects, but also environmental, social, technical and safety aspects, was fundamental to guarantee a well-informed and sustainable decision. It was evidenced that the analysis of multiple criteria was also able to favor the decision-making process in mining dam decharacterization solutions, facilitating traceability and understanding between the stakeholders involved in projects of this nature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das ações de resposta ao cenário de rompimento de barragem de Tucuruí no contexto do PAE e PLANCON
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-10) SILVA, Francisco Júnior Nascimento da; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
As a result of the latest accidents involving the dam collapse scenario in Brazil and the strong demand from society and supervisory bodies demanding more safety in dam projects, Eletronorte, responsible for HPP Tucuruí, in 2017 prepared the Safety Plan, and in 2023, together with the municipalities located in the ZAS (Self-rescue Zone), it consolidated the integration of Emergency and Contingency Plans. In this sense, this work aimed to analyze the response actions to the Tucuruí dam collapse scenario in the context of municipalities located in ZAS. The methodological steps used to achieve the results were as follows: Characterize the Tucuruí HPP and the municipalities located in the ZAS (Tucuruí and Breu Branco); Description of the history of preparation and integration, PAE-UHE Tucuruí and PLANCONS of the ZAS municipalities; Evaluate the structuring of COMDECs in the ZAS municipalities, based on the criteria of the COMDECs Diagnostic Report in Brazil and Evaluate the operational logistics of the SCI (Incident Command System) defined in the PLANCONs of Tucuruí and Breu Branco. The results revealed that COMDECs are deficient in terms of training, and in Tucuruí, agents need additional training that meets the thematic axes offered by the National Civil Protection and Defense System – SINPDEC. At COMDEC Breu Branco, a lack of training for all members was identified, with courses being carried out only by the coordination. The financial resources verified to support COMDECs' actions are only allocated in cases of occurrences and there is no preventive financial planning in both municipalities. In terms of infrastructure, COMDEC in Breu Branco is not capable of operating in this emergency scenario, as it has limitations in terms of response support from the 8th GBM. Finally, this study presented, for the first time, the weaknesses observed in the context of the collapse of the Tucuruí dam, in terms of the operationalization of the PAE-PLANCONs in the ZAS municipalities, demonstrating that the COMDECS need better structuring and that the Plans must undergo planning adjustments, aiming for better effectiveness in response actions, which can reduce the vulnerability of the population in the post-disaster period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimensionamento de barragem de acumulação de água para sistema de irrigação de plantio de cacau no sudeste do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-25) SILVA, Cleveland Gustavo Canto; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The Amazon region has high water potential and large natural reservoirs of water existing in the most diverse forms (springs, aquifers, lakes, etc.), however the distribution and access to the resource by the population are unequal, making the demand for water much greater than its availability in certain regions, which leads to water stress. In the Amazon, family farming is a relevant activity in regional sustainable development, and demands part of this resource, which is a limiting factor for regional development. Faced with this reality, water capture, storage and conservation technologies are used, with dams being one of the available technologies that play an important role in the democratization of water use. Therefore, through this research, we seek to design a dam that will serve as an artificial reservoir for water storage, intended for agricultural consumption of cocoa plantation on an agro-family scale on a farm located in the municipality of Novo Repartimento, to optimize its cultivation cycles, combined with the use of new technologies that use local resources and renewable energy sources available in the Amazon. For this, the water demand necessary for the agricultural activity of the enterprise was evaluated, comprising the Water Balance of the location, as well as delimiting the watershed of direct contribution of the dam, allowing the dimensioning of the artificial reservoir to meet the volume of water needed in the activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Verificação de desempenho dos sistemas de filtragem de resíduo bauxita por tambor e prensa como alternativa para barragens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-26) PANTOJA, Ronaldo Guimarães; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
Tailings dams generally function as a reservoir of tailings and water, due to existing disposal methods, this is due to the characteristics of the processing processes of mining companies and refineries, which use a very high concentration of water in this process, resulting in tailings with low solids contents and that offer risks in the disposal and that also directly impact the environment in which they are inserted. In view of the occurrence of accidents involving tailings dams in Brazil and worldwide and the need to reduce the impacts caused, mining companies and ore processing industries have invested in innovative technology that promote waste dewatering, making them drier and providing a safer form of disposal. However, in this direction, this study presents the methods of disposal of wet and dry tailings in the form of landfills, obtained from filtration systems, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the filter press compared to the drum filter for the disposal of bauxite residue. Experimental landfills of bauxite residues from an alumina refinery, located in the state of Pará, were used, which allowed the knowledge of the material behavior after filtering by filter press, when submitted to compaction by track tractor and compactor roller. A qualitative risk analysis of the FMEA type was also analyzed to identify the risks involved in the method of disposal of the filtered residue by drum filter. The residue dewatered through the drum filter reaches an average solids content of 60% at the end of the process and per filter press up to 80%. The compaction tests allowed the knowledge of dry density, optimum humidity and degree of compaction of the material dewatered by filter press, when arranged in the form of a controlled landfill. The two waste filtration systems (Drum Filter and Press Filter) were compared considering the operational, safety and environmental aspects, allowing to know the advantages and disadvantages of each system and the safer disposal method, less impacting on the environment and less susceptible to structural problems. The FMEA analysis identified the main triggers and failure modes related to geotechnical risks in the operation of the waste system with drum filter, for disposal via construction of platforms. The aspects of "insecurity" and "dam galling" were analyzed and generated the risk matrices and their consequences / effects. The results "High Risks" helped to define the change in the filtering system and arrangement method.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da influência do uso e ocupação da terra na concentração de sólidos em suspensão em reservatório hidrelétrico com o uso do sensoriamento remoto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-09) SOUZA, Fabíola Esquerdo de; SOARES, Carlos Benedito Santana da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9153957633685323; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The use of remote sensing in reservoir sediment monitoring is important for temporal spac knowledge of sediment deposition in dam structures. In this context, this research was developed in the hydrographic basin that covers the Tucuruí HOU reservoir, in which suspended sediment concentration data from the M1 monitoring station located at 2 km upstream of the dam were acquired, and were integrated into the analyses to understand the relationship between the responses of satellite images and field measurements. Sediment analyses were performed with 14-year time series of MODIS images, composed of 8 days. Surface reflectance estimates were calculated using simplinear regression and coefficient of determination (R2). For the use and occupation of the land of the hydrographic basin, a temporal analysis of Landsat-5, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS images was performed. Next, the land use and occupation were related to water quality analyses of stations upstream 1 (M1), Amount Repartimento (MR) and Montante Pacurui (MP). The results show that the calibration curve generated the linear regression equation with good fit for MI monitoring station, presenting efficiency in the data estimated by reflectance through this model. The analyses of land use and occupation show that over the years there was a reduction in forest formation and at the same time pasture growth occurred. In relation to water quality, the impacts caused by anthropic actions have negative influences. Thus, it is possible to observe the relevance of the use of remote sensing techniques, geoprocessing and geotechnologies, as instruments that help in the planning of land use and occupation, in the analysis of water quality and management of water resources in reservoir regions, since these technologies enable greater spatial scope of the analyses with lower costs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mapas de inundação em área urbana na cidade de Araguaína/TO: estudo de caso da interferência da CGH Corujão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-25) SANTANA, Leonardo Moreira; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
The habitation occupation in the area of influence of CGH (hydroelectric power station) - Corujão is quite significant, however, there is an imminent risk of flooding in the area, a factor that motivated the development of the study, to understand the real risks incident on the area. Therefore, this work aimed to analyse the impacts of the CGH Corujão dam reservoir in the urban area of the city of Araguaína/TO. A data collection and characterization of the Neblina stream, which flows into the CGH reservoir, were carried out to understand how the occurrence of high levels of rain causes the stream to overflow and increase the risks of flooding in an urban area, being calculated the maximum rainfall. With these data, a simulation was performed using the HEC-RAS program, which led to the generation of flood maps. Regarding the impacts of the dam reservoir in the urban area of the city, it was possible to observe that it has little influence in the flood areas, according to the maps obtained from the aplicativo HEC-RAS. From the results it was possible to verify that most of the maps presented risks to human life and structural damage. These data show that it is an area of vulnerability to floods and, consequently, to life, health, infrastructure, economy and socioeconomic development. The estimated contributions of the study involve the population and the government. The identification of areas of greater vulnerability in terms of failures and collapses of masonry structures, essential information for the development of a master plan in which these areas of greater risk are excluded from use for housing, commerce, services and other activities. With access to the full risk map, the city has the possibility to develop future housing programs so that the existing structures are deactivated and companies, residences, services and others are directed to other areas, with safety and guarantee of rights. Urban planning, in activities such as drainage studies, needs this information so that they can be developed in an assertive and effective way, benefiting the public administration, by avoiding damages that need to be corrected and require resources, in addition to improving the infrastructure of services and making the daily life of citizens safer. The civil defence, in possession of the data obtained, can develop support programs for the residents of the region, issue risk alerts more broadly in the face of the forecast of intense rains and floods, allowing individuals who are in these areas to seek more safe for these moments of risk. With this study, it is possible to define risk reduction approaches that guarantee more health for the population, reduce the demand for resources for health care after the floods, as well as reduce the occupancy of beds for the sick and injured due to the floods. In view of the above, it appears that the benefits are numerous, both for the population and for the public administration, with a reduction in expenses and costs to the public coffers, in addition to a greater guarantee of preservation of the life and patrimony of individuals who, in the present, live in areas of high vulnerability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização da termografia infravermelha embarcada em RPA como alternativa de monitoramento de surgências em uma barragem de mineração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-17) BARROS, Eudes José Melo de; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
Safety inspections aim to detect anomalies in structures, and the entrepreneur must guarantee these procedures, in accordance with ANM Resolution No. 95/2022. Therefore, many mining companies have been seeking more efficient methods or techniques that allow for less use of resources and, at the same time, greater control of information from inspected locations. In cases of detecting areas with emergencies, research shows that infrared thermography on board a RPA (Remotely Piloted Aircraft), popularly known as a drone, (TERMO-RPA) is efficient in identifying areas with humidity and infiltrations. Therefore, the objective of the research is to propose the use of this method in the inspection procedures of a mining dam, aiming to detect areas with emergencies. The methodology adopted comprised the following steps: a) Characterization of the dam; b) Description of the methodology of TERMO-RPA inspection procedures; c) Treatment of thermal camera images after inspections; d) Characterization tests of the soil collected from the regions for classification and analysis of possible influence on the detection of emergences; e) Determination of environmental variables in the inspected regions; f) Preparation and analysis of TERMO-RPA thermographic mapping, g) Description of routine dam inspection procedures and advantages of inspection with the TERMO-RPA method. It was concluded that there is an inversely proportional correlation between the temperatures obtained from soil thermography and soil humidity, that is, areas with lower temperatures presented higher percentages of humidity, while in areas with higher temperatures, humidity was lower, This behavior was observed in both periods (dry and rainy). It was not possible to reach an assertive conclusion about the influence of the type of soil and the effectiveness of detecting emergences, since the regions with the presence of humidity are composed of the same type of soil. It was possible to identify advantages in using TERMO-RPA when compared to routine inspections carried out by the entrepreneur, namely: safety aspect with reduced risk exposure; greater agility; absence of restrictions on access to inspection sites; In terms of range, it makes it possible to vary the taking of thermal images of the dam, depending on desired altitudes. Finally, future work is suggested to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, as well as the presence of vegetation on the soil surface when using the TERMO-RPA method.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto ambiental na área de influência das barragens de rejeito no município de Poconé-MT
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) FERREIRA, Lorrana Dias; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
Due to tragic accidents related to the failure of tailings dams in Minas Gerais, the disposal of tailings in dams has become an increasingly urgent topic of discussion, especially in relation to the risks associated with this approach. Consequently, mining companies have sought to implement alternative methods for managing tailings resulting from their operations. However, in this direction, the work analyzes the level of the environmental impact in the area of influence of tailings dams in the municipality of Poconé – MT, identifying the major damages that can be caused by a tailings dam rupture. To this end, maps of environmental impacts on the selected dams were created, using the software QGIS, also known as Quantum GIS. The Kernel method was also used, which is an analytical approach that is frequently applied in the assessment of risks and environmental sensitivity in relation to mining tailings dams. The results of the research revealed that throughout the work it was possible to observe that the mining tailings dams existing in the municipal limit of Poconé/MT are defined as structures that promote a “very high” environmental impact, mainly in the urban area than if it occurs the rupture could affect legal preservation areas and the city's drainage system, thus impacting the life of the community in general. With the data obtained, it was possible to analyze the environmental impact of tailings dams on local communities, including the possible relocation of families, access to drinking water and the health of people living nearby. Therefore, the analysis of the environmental impact in the area of influence of tailings dams in Poconé, Mato Grosso, is a crucial part of the responsible management process of mining activities, as it can help develop strategies to mitigate these impacts and ensure the protection of the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O uso de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) para inspenções de segurança em barragens: estudo exploratório UHE Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-28) EL BANNA, Kamila Dias Bernardes; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
The main objective of this research is to verify the applicability of remote sensing by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or popularly known as (drones) to aid in the safety of security in hydroelectric dams. It highlights the role and importance of technology as a means of innovation, for this application, as an exploratory study of the UHE Tucuruí. Some signs of deterioration or cracking, for example, can only be identified with visual inspections. For this reason, they are irreplaceable in dam safety control. In this context, the use of the UAV is very useful in these inspections, since its use makes this activity faster and safer, as it allows the verification of regions of the dam that are difficult to access, thus enabling full documentation of the dam's conservation status, in addition to the possibility of adapting sensors of different types and applicability, thus helping to provide more detailed information. The UAV, used for this research, satisfactory results for the evaluations to which it was exposed. Images with adequate quality and sequences were generated, so you can easily observe all the characteristics of the dam surface, thus providing a good support in the operation activities. In addition to supporting the dam safety assessment, the images generated can be gathered and used as a basis for other photographic surveys.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de inspeção de barragens através de um aplicativo para dispositivo móvel
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-21) SANTOS JUNIOR, Evandro Lopes dos; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
Ensuring safety and reliability in dams is a challenge for society, governments and especially for entrepreneurs who experience daily difficulties in maintaining the enterprise in good conditions of use during its life cycle. Today, technology is an indispensable tool for this to happen in view of the continuous need for the development and application of this tool in this branch of engineering. Thus, in order to contribute to the dam inspection process, the present work brings a proposal that innovates in the way the information is collected bringing the possibility of replacing the filling of a check list in a manual and traditional way to an automated way through a platform. simple and intuitive. This platform consists of an Android application. To do so, it was necessary to analyze the entrepreneur's manual on dam safety - volume II of the National Water Agency, study about mobile application development and define the application's functionalities to develop it. Then, studies were carried out on the programming language and the software for developing the tool on Android. One by one, the features of the App were built using a peculiar methodology for this, which revolves around the gear made up of research, testing and implementation. The developed application, called ISB, is a test version and has been subjected to emulations to verify its operation. Therefore, it was found that the application performed satisfactorily, avoiding flaws in the filling, and therefore in the safety assessment of the works surveyed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da ferramenta de risco FMEA para análises dos modos de falha de uma barragem de terra: estudo de caso Projeto Formoso do Araguaia-TO
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-15) SANTOS, Andreia Arruda; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
The Formoso River Project, located in the state of Tocantins, is the largest irrigation project in Latin America and its structures, made up of three dams, have worried the supervisory body due to the compromised state of conservation of these structures, with evidence of pathologies and anomalies at various points. The state government, which is the developer of the dams, in 2012 even contracted revitalization projects for the enterprise, but to date the works have not been carried out, which makes the safety of the dams more vulnerable. The general objective of the research is to analyze the risk situation of the Calumbi II dam, which makes up the Rio Formoso irrigation project, through the application of the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) risk tool, identifying the most likely failure modes and with greater potential. Other objectives would be: the description of the interventions recommended by the consultancy hired by the entrepreneur and the critical analysis of the lack of dam safety management. The research methodology was based on four stages: a) characterization of the Rio Formoso Project and the case study dam; b) survey of anomalies and pathologies found in the dam; c) application of the FMEA risk tool and d) critical analysis of the dam's safety management case study. The results indicated that the Calumbi II dam presents several pathologies and anomalies (presence of large trees and shrub vegetation on the crest, retraction cracks, erosion and water surges on the slopes), and that despite the dam operating at minimum levels, failures may occur. The FMEA tool demonstrated that the highest priority failure mode would be upstream slope instability (NPR=336), secondly, failure due to piping (NPR=320) and thirdly, but more remote, failure due to dam overtopping ( NPR=144). From the aspect of the analysis of the safety management of the Calumbi II Dam, the vulnerability of the enterprise was concluded, since the dam does not have a PSB or PAE, it does not have installed instrumentation, there is no professional responsible for safety, it does not have studies of risk assessments, does not receive regular periodic inspections by the supervisory body.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulação numérica de derramamento de óleo na foz do rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-30) DEMONER, Sarana Castro; ABREU, Carlos Henrique Medeiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009261156099636; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-8791; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
The dynamics of rivers in the Amazon is predominantly linked to threats or natural events that may or may not trigger environmental damage. In March 2013 a large portion of soil slid into the interior of the Santana channel in Amapá, this abrupt mass movement took with it the Port of Santana and its respective facilities. The forensics findings identified a sensitive soil that had not previously been identified in Brazil. Due to the unusual behavior of the material on the shores of the Port of Santana, the new soil characteristics identified and because it is a port area, which houses several materials of great polluting potential, including bulk terminals, pipelines, the need arises to evaluate the behavior of a possible oil spill through hydrodynamic modeling. The software SisBaHiA® - Base System of Environmental Hydrodynamics was chosen to be used in the development of the models because it has a friendly interface and is already widespread in related lines of research. With the models and simulated scenarios, we identified the proportions of a new landslide accident involving these fuel reserves, the areas of the Santana channel that would be directly affected by the oil and what is the response time that the responsible institutions would have to trigger actions for mediation and containment of an accident of this proportion. Thus, the study seeks to obtain timely management mechanisms and decision-making about a possible accident.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descaracterização de barragens de rejeito de bauxita: como a indução da sucessão ecológica pode atuar na melhoria do substrato na fase inicial de descaracterização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-26) NEVES, Mayra de Nazaré Barral das; GAMA, Marcos André Piedade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3991808809325751; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The closure of tailing dams is currently one of the main concerns related to the management of tailing dams in the mining sector, which can be noted by the recent changes in international standards and federal legislation on the subject. Applying revegetation as a technique for recharacterization of tailing dams is a great challenge, mainly because the organic matter content in the substrate is very low or non-existent. In this context, this experiment was conducted in three treatments that had the purpose of demonstrating the performance of the induction of ecological succession in three environments in bauxite tailings substrate with different conditions of green manure and addition of organic matter. In the T3 treatment (control) there was the planting of tree seedlings on the tailings; in the T2 treatment, in addition to tree planting, green manure with cover legumes was included; and in the T1 treatment, in addition to tree seedlings and cover legumes, organic matter from external sources was added. For the analysis of the induced succession process, parameters of soil physicochemical quality, development of the implanted vegetation and biomass generation were evaluated. The soil analysis of physical attributes showed no significant difference between the treatments for bulk density, total porosity and stability. All 3 treatments presented similar values of pH, m% and V%, with exceptions in the 0-5 cm layer. The T1 treatment stood out in terms of OM content and CEC values. The treatments T2 and T3 presented similar CEC values. T2 showed an increase in OM between the collections of 6 and 12 months after the implementation of the experiment. The highest biomass production of Crotalaria spectabilis Röth occurred at T1, however, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. showed no significant difference between T1 and T2. The results of litter behaved according to the pre-availability of OM in the treatment, gradually increasing and with significant difference between T3, T2 and T1. T1 presented the highest mortality rate (Tm) of the species Hymenaea courbaril L., and there was no significant difference of Tm for the other species between the treatments. T2 presented the best results of admission of shrub and tree species. There was no significant difference in plants growth between treatments for all species, except for stem diameter of Inga edulis Mart., which were higher at T1. Throughout the experiment the majority of the seedlings had 50 to 100% of mature leaves and only Bixa orellana L. and Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard came to flower. The induction of the ecological succession process through the treatments applied in this experiment was effective for the introduction of biological factors in the substrate, the improvement of chemical attributes in the surface layer and the settlement of tree species in the initial phase of bauxite tailing dams closure whose planned future use is reforestation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de integração da metodologia FMEA na gestão de segurança de barragem hidréletrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-18) CARVALHO, Regiana Barbosa; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
The dam failure scenario in Brazil has been more frequent than expected around the world and, therefore, dam safety management has become a central focus of entrepreneurs who have sought to meet legal requirements and supervisory bodies. In this context, risk analysis methodologies applied in several sectors of the industry, started to be considered in the management of dam projects, adding benefits in the activities of control and monitoring of the structures, as well as in the prediction of failure modes and accidents. Therefore, the present research has as a general objective, to propose the integration of the risk analysis methodology, FMEA methodology (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) to the safety management system practiced at UHE Tucuruí, seeking to expand the entrepreneur's management to the scope of the failure mode scenarios and their respective causes, including the monitoring of indicators related to the dam's safety status, occurrence and detection rates. The research methodology was based on five steps, namely: a) characterization of the dam, a case study; b) identification of anomalies present in the structure's history; ç); analysis of the entrepreneur's management process; d) application of the FMEA methodology resulting in scenarios with higher NPR and; e) proposal to integrate the FMEA into the safety management system practiced by the entrepreneur. The results of the FMEA application indicated that among the failure modes simulated for the dam case study, the scenario “internal erosion caused by clogging of filters and drains in the earthen dam on the right bank” presented the highest NPR, and therefore, this is the scenario that requires prioritization of actions. Also, for most of the simulated failure modes, the detection rate resulted in a 'low detection', due to weaknesses in the dam monitoring system, as recorded in the dam instrumentation reports. In the case of the UHE Tucuruí safety management process, it was possible to integrate the FMEA methodology into the plant's flowchart, taking advantage of the "Periodic Review" stage, using the same team hired for this demand, optimizing the flowchart. Finally, it is expected that the integration of the FMEA methodology in the dam management process will provide the following benefits: a) dam safety management oriented towards the management of failure mode scenarios; b) management of risk control mechanisms and continuous assessment of the project's monitoring system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem do rompimento e delimitação da área de inundação da barragem da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia em Castanhal-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-29) FONTES, Erick Alexandre de Oliveira; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
Dams have structures that can cause changes over the years, which can cause changes in change processes, impacts, changes, changes in change processes, changes in the internal change process, changes in the change process, changes in the internal change process, changes in the process of change, changes in the process of internal change, overturning and others, the cause of which may come from natural phenomena or also from mismanagement. Thus, the experimental work presented as objective the objective of analyzing the hypothetical land located in the aquaculture station of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in the municipality of objective Castanhal - PA. No methodological approach was used to simulate the flooding of the floodplain of HEC-RAS 5.0.3 (Hydrologic Engineers Corps – River System). The model software is based on the solution of permanent or non-permanent or two-dimensional Saint-Ven solutions, in version 5.3, considering the permanent regimes. The research numbers were observed from the simulation of the effects of the dam of results that were carried out: Seven, an information survey was carried out about the dam and an information survey was carried out with the ANA. A hazard implementation process is carried out afterwards and a report that this dam is nearing completion. Therefore, it is concluded in that study that the maintenance carried out in a severe way of materials and immaterial makes the impacts downstream, in front of the exposed, necessary to maintain the interdiction of the dam so that the maintenance of materials and emergency is necessary.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal da cobertura vegetal de um fragmento da RPPN Seringal Triunfo, Ferreira Gomes - Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-27) SCHNEIDER, Juliana Cristina; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-9885
The construction of dams became necessary for national development, the Amazon region, for having a great hydro-energetic potential, was also used for the construction of these projects. River Araguari's hydrographic basin has three hydroelectric dams (Coaracy Nunes, Ferreira Gomes and Cachoeira Caldeirão) built in its middle course, in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes, however the construction generated several problems, such as loss of territoriality, difficulties in subsistence of villages and the environment modification. However, in 1998, there was the enactment of the Seringal Triunfo National Heritage Private Reserve, which aims to conserve biodiversity. Therefore, there is a need for studies aimed at improving the knowledge of vegetation cover, which have occurred since the enactment of the RPPN. In this sense, the present study sought to understand whether there were changes in the vegetation cover in the RPPN from 2000 to 2015, after its approval and with the construction of UHE Ferreira Gomes and Cachoeira Caldeirão. For this, remote sensing data were used. Twelve images obtained from the TM/Landsat-5, ETM+/Landsat 7 and OLI/Landsat-8 satellites were used, delimiting the study area with the creation of two polygons (buffer), one located within the RPPN and another adjacent with approximately the same size. Digital processing techniques were applied to these images with the aid of pixel counting software. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated, making it possible to obtain the median. The obtained results show that the image processing allowed differentiate its constituent elements (vegetal cover and exposed soil). The calculation of the NDVI medians, for the scenes between the years 2000 to 2015, in the area located within the RPPN ranged from 0,37 to 0,64 and the medians of the adjacent area ranged from 0,29 to 0,63, thus, the statistical analysis showed no relationship with the years (F1,10 = 0,02 and P = 0,87), indicating that during the analyzed period there was a stability in the vegetation cover, the same occurred for the adjacent area (F1,10 = 0,11 and P = 0,74). This stability in the area of the RPPN may be related to the role it plays in nature conservation and in the adjacent area to the stagnation of population growth in the municipality. The use of images from remote sensors proved to be a very valuable tool for the present research, even without carrying out an on-site visit, it was possible to calculate the NDVI. Therefore, it is recommended for future work to analyze the NDVI from years prior to 2000, that is, years prior to the approval of the RPPN, as well as on-site visits, for the validation of the components observed in the NDVI, for the NDVI classification to the studied locality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contaminação e distribuição espacial de metais pesados em áreas de influência de mineração em um estuário tropical na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-19) SILVA, Matheus Cavalcante; MONTE, Christiane do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6178162183692365; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
Tropical estuaries are often impacted by heavy metals, but the spatial distribution and contamination of these pollutants have been insufficiently investigated between sediments and water in South America, especially in the little-studied regions of the Amazon. In order to contribute to this gap, this study investigated the spatial distribution and contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the surface waters and sediments of the Pará River Estuary (PRE) (Pará, Brazil), which has been affected by various mining activities. Thus, different procedures were integrated, including a systematic review of the literature on tailings spill events and impacts derived from these events, sedimentary and mineralogical characterization, estimation of organic matter in the sediment, physical-chemical parameters of the water, determination of metals in the sediment and water, contamination assessment indices and statistical analyses. The results showed that the kaolin tailings storage systems in Barcarena-PA are more unsafe than the alternative disposal systems reported in the literature, resulting in kaolin tailings leaking into regional water bodies and spreading areas used for bathing. On the other hand, the disposal of bauxite tailings in the area prioritizes alternative systems with higher solids content, facilitating control actions. In addition, the bauxite and kaolin tailings had predominantly silty fractions and mineralogy marked by the presence of aluminum hydroxides. All the samples showed low concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, suggesting the action of resuspension in an area with predominantly sandy sediments. As an exception, Cd showed high concentrations in Murucupi and Furo do Arrozal, which triggered high levels of contamination in these areas. All the sampling sites indicated that there was a high concentration of heavy metals and a high degree of contamination of the water, except in the vicinity of Vila do Conde. Furthermore, high ecological risks are associated with the metals present in the water from anthropogenic activities, compromising the quality of the estuarine ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos efeitos da detonação na estabilidade de talude em mina de ferro no Quadrilátero Ferrífero em Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-03) AZEVEDO, Daniel Prado; MARQUES, Eduardo Antonio Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6725413897416818; ALENCAR JÚNIOR, Júlio Augusto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3663658632717465
The vibrations induced by blasting in mining are finite waves that can disrupt geotechnical structures. For the present research, seismographs were installed in various positions along a slope with approximately two hundred meters of difference in height from the bottom of the pit to the top, in order to analyze the speed and acceleration of the particles at the moment of the wave transmission and their consequences to the stability of rocky mass. It is known that the course of these vibratory oscillations causes the particles to move and then return to the equilibrium state. Therefore, it is important to study which waves were generated in the detonation and their behavior in the lithology covered. A slope in the selected mine, Vale S.A. property, was analyzed, which is composed mostly of phyllite and quartzite, sometimes continuous, sometimes discontinuous, as there is a fractured zone of N / S orientation that extends from the top of the slope to its base. In this context, there are at least 3 fracture directions that act as an escape zone for groundwater, constituting a geotechnical problem of material disaggregation, resulting in great erosion. The vibrations induced by the detonations of explosives in the mine can increase the erosion condition when they propagate through the fractured area. The highest seismographic reading obtained among the seismographs was used in this study and the evaluation of the reduction in the safety factor of selected sections was carried out. Later, the maximum value for vibration in which the slope remains stable is also calculated, on Slide2 software. The evaluation of the results on the slope Allowed the interpretation of the effects of vibrations on the slopes reduced between 4.1% and 4.8% the values of the safety factors and shows that the lower the slope safety factor, the greater this interference from the vibration in the stability of the structure. A difference equal to 8% was observed when comparing the section with the highest Safety Factor and the one with the lowest Safety Factor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposição metodológica para melhoria do monitoramento pluviométrico em regiões de barramento com escassez de postos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-10) FERREIRA, Laysse Alves; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The Brazilian Amazon is considered the largest primary forest in the world, having great importance in the planet's biodiversity, as well as in the national economy, having large enterprises that use dams for their production process, such as hydroelectric dams and dams for mining. Despite its environmental and economic importance, the Legal Amazon has low density and spatiality for in loco measurement of rainfall. Precipitation data are the basis of hydrological studies and for the entire cycle of implementation, operation and decommissioning of dams, where knowledge of hydrological behavior enables actions to prevent extreme weather events, as well as better management and decision-making of water resources . Groups of stations that have similar hydrological behavior and minimal differences are called hydrologically homogeneous areas, making it possible to transfer data from these areas with adequate monitoring to areas that have insufficient stations. Regionalization allows this data transfer and the extraction of information about the spatial behavior of precipitation, commonly using clustering algorithms. Given this scenario, Ward's hierarchical grouping method was used in this study to identify hydrologically homogeneous groups and later regionalization through the Ordinary Kriging method. The historical series from 1986 -2015 (30 years) of rainfall data from 268 stations was used. The results showed 6 homogeneous zones with high precipitation variability among the groups found. Spatialization ratified the results of other studies that concluded that the legal Amazon has high rainfall variability, with regionalization being a tool to assist in the management of areas with a lack of data.