Teses em Antropologia (Doutorado) - PPGA/IFCH
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/7137
O Doutorado em Antropologia está inserido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia (PPGA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. É um curso ministrado sobre a responsabilidade do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da UFPA.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Identidade étnica, formas de enquadramento institucional, modos de fazer e práticas de uso dos ribeirinhos amazônidas: o caso do Assentamento Quilombola na Ilha de Campompema, Abaetetuba, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-19) PEREIRA, Rosenildo da Costa; O`DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188XThis thesis text analyzes from an ethnographic approach how modes of knowledge are mobilized by domestic groups in the context of the territory of traditional communities in the Amazon. The locus where the research was developed is the quilombola settlement São João Batista, located in the city of Abaetetuba, State of Pará. From an ethnographic study, I describe technically how the ways of knowing how to make matapi and its respective use are mobilized by local residents, as well as, I bring to the debate the modes of knowledge of artisanal naval carpentry built in the dynamics of the territory under study. Trait as main objectives: Conduct an ethnographic research in the community, describing modes of knowledge transmitted and mobilized/used/built in relation to the occupied territory until the respective recognition of traditionally occupied lands, whose knowledge has been readjusted over the years; to analyze how the matapi manufacturing process takes place by the local riverside subjects from the anthropology of the technique, ethnographically describing the knowledge processes involved and production stages; make an analysis of the ways in which the matapi instrument is used by residents of the local territory, describing the whole process with the work of fishing with such equipment; and approach, in the same way, the knowledge of the local naval carpentry. The situational analysis points to a set of knowledge mobilized by residents within/in the referenced territory, above all and in a particular way, to artisanal naval carpentry and the making and use of the matapi trap, in a perspective of the anthropology of technique.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) De colonialismos e memórias sitiadas: história, antropofagia e tecnologia bélica nas guerras guianenses(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-09) BATISTA, Ramiro Esdras Carneiro; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043XThis study consists in the exercise of documentation, translation and interpretation of the war narratives of four peoples who inhabit the Lower Oiapoque River. Through ethnographic, mnemonic and narrative methods, the text discusses the Colonization that furrows the History of the invasion of a territory of the peripheral Caribbean located in the Oiapoque River region. We assume that the possibilities for the production of Ethnic History, narrated in its own terms, are straightly associated to the knowledge and interpretation of the original memory. However, this is so only if we consider that the production of an Afro and Indigenous history presents itself, in many ways, as a history of impossibilities, and given the theoretical and methodological difficulties of the Social Sciences to deal with a past characterized by the absence of written records. In academic production, the exercise of reinterpretation and/or correction of collective memory based upon historiographical production is common, nevertheless, data obtained from this research give rise to an inverted question: can afro and indigenous memories help correct and/or complement the historiographical canons? On the pursuit for answering such a question, this study seeks to identify and translate recurring aspects in the memories of ethnically differentiated people marked by the advent of the Colony, where categories such as war, exercise of alterity, Inter-ethnic alliance and violation and subsequent recomposition of territorial rights seem to be part of a same dynamics. The hermeneutics of these four peoples´ war narratives converges in terms of their agreeing that the colonial invasion is one of the founding landmarks of Afro and indigenous historicity. In this sense, the interpretation highlights that the colonization carried out by different European peoples and agencies in the Guyana region - colonialisms that prevail in different ways in the present - constitutes an entangling thread that allows for not only recomposing, but also intertwining recent and past Memories and Histories of those peoples and narrators. Finally, such hermeneutics reveals how each ethnic group understands and represents hierarchies, alliances and dissonances inscribed in the neocolonial world.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O fazer arqueológico no trabalho de campo em um sítio na Campina, Centro Histórico de Belém – pessoas, paisagem e cultura material(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-13) GOMES, Raimundo Ney da Cruz; ALVES, Daiana Travassos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1052501030312328; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-3200This thesis, presented in three articles, seeks to relate people, landscapes, and material culture, three important concepts to anthropology and archaeology. The junctions and disjunctions between the three objects, an opportunity to produce history, are brought out by archaeological work in the excavation of a mansion located in the historic Centre of Belém, in Pará, which was registered in this research as an archaeological site called Sesc Ver-o-Peso. The thesis defended here is that in the historic Centre of Belém, people, landscape and material culture carry out complex exchanges and intersections, which tell stories/histories. These histories can be written through archaeological and anthropological investigation in their interface with the problematization of cultural heritage. This thesis will form the articles that make up this final doctoral work.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caminhos de gênero nas feras de Bissau: resiliência e desafios de mulheres guineenses em contextos de vulnerabilidade diante dos impactos sociais e econômicos da COVID-19(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-24) GOMES, Peti Mama; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043XIn Guinea Bissau, the feras - Crioulo word for “fairs” - play a significant role in the country's economic, social and cultural life. They are places of intense buying and selling of goods, encompassing issues of female emancipation, meeting and reunion points, historical narratives, experiences, and shared living. Therefore, they are configured as plural public spaces, and privileged contexts for ethnographic fieldwork, where a series of complex sociocultural relationships develop. This thesis aims to understand, through a female-centered and anthropological perspective, the socioeconomic dynamics of Guinean women, who sometimes are bideras (official fair female vendors), fassiduris di bida (women who make a living by selling), sumiaduris (women who own orchards), and bindiduris (female sellers in general) who played active roles - before, during and after the pandemics - in the three main local feras: Bande, Caracol, and Bairro Militar, all in Bissau city, capital of Guinea-Bissau. This study is the result of ethnographic research, whose methodological process combined online research and in-person fieldwork. For this, oral narratives from digital platforms were used, such as social networks, through messages and audios interchanged with di mindjeris di fera (the fair female vendors). During the research period, the main ethnographic strategies included informal conversations, transcriptions, and ethnographic data analysis. The last stages of research took place in Bissau, with a focus in the bideras and fassiduris di bida. In conclusion, the analysis focused on the problematization of gender relations and work, and how they were affected by the pandemics. The results indicate that my research interlocutors are responsible for a large part of the country's material and symbolic subsistence, which was evidenced and intensified with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemics.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agrobiodiversidade Tentehar na Aldeia Olho D’Água, Maranhão: trajetórias, saberes e práticas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-08) FELIX, Neusani Oliveira Ives; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-0511In this research, I addressed the topic of agrobiodiversity among the Tentehar people of Olho D'Água Village, Bacurizinho Indigenous Land, Maranhão State, Brazil. Agrobiodiversity, in the context of this study, is understood as the part of biodiversity that encompasses agricultural varieties and genetic resources, sociocultural processes, knowledge associated with plants, and animals managed and hunted for food purposes. The methodological approach included participant observation, impression management, collective memory, oral narratives, semi-structured and open interviews with 13 women and 11 men, a questionnaire, and a field notebook. These strategies were crucial for the construction of an attentive and aligned ethnography based on scientific, social, and political dimensions for a successful research conduction starting from a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the interlocutors. The farmers recognize or cultivate an immense and rich set of ethnovarieties of edible crops of all kinds. In the backyard areas, in addition to the cultivars, there is animal husbandry, such as pigs, goats, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks, turkeys, and quails. From the forests, the Tentehar people obtain the game that is so important to their food culture, including armadillo, “peba”, “catingueiro” deer, “mateiro” deer, collared peccaries, agoutis, white-nosed coatis, guans, “juriti”, “lambu”, among others. The relationship between agricultural practices, both in crop fields and backyard areas, game obtained from the forests, and the agrobiodiversity as a whole is part of the debate on food sovereignty and security, giving the Tentehar food culture its unique traits. Agrobiodiversity constitutes the thread that intertwines the relationships of the farmer with the management of crop fields, backyard areas, and game, referring to the sense of trajectories, identity, and authenticity, in which interspecies relations, rules, prohibitions, and restrictions are established. As guardians of agrobiodiversity, the Tentehar farmers resist with their crop fields, cultivating, multiplying, and exchanging seeds with relatives and neighbors. In the backyards, they conduct experiments with animals and plants, producing seedlings of cultivars that circulate among them, in a system of genetic resource conservation, “in situ/on farm”. In hunting practices, ancestral knowledge, the tactics used to capture animals, weapons, traps, and interspecies interactions permeated by the ambivalence between killing game to eat and the fear of reprisal from the “piwáras” (spirits) are present. Therefore, the data from the research indicate that the place of agrobioversity in Tentehar life is the place of resilience and resistance, strongly linked to the material and symbolic reproduction of families, holding great significance in maintaining Tentehar ways of life.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A questão dos desaparecidos no Brasil: da identificação à devolução a sociedade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) SILVA, Mariluzio Araujo Moreira da; SILVA, Hilton Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-3522The issue of the disappeared is a social, health, justice, and public security problem that affects Brazilian society and has gained greater visibility since the struggles of survivors and the families of victims of the military dictatorship (1964-1985) and which has taken on various forms in recent times. This theme is present in debates about human rights, criminal justice, policing, justice, and citizenship, and it intersects with discussions in the fields of Bioanthropology and Forensic Anthropology. This research was conducted from 2020 to 2024 and constitutes the scope of the doctoral thesis developed in the Graduate Program in Anthropology at the Federal University of Pará-PPGA, in Bioanthropology within the research line of Genetic and Forensic Anthropology. The thesis is divided into three articles and a connecting text, as stipulated in the PPGA's internal regulations. The first article engages in a debate about the bioethical aspects related to the way unidentified or unclaimed bodies are treated in Brazil, highlighting the main bioethical needs in the treatment of these victims considering possible human rights violations caused by the fragility of Brazilian law. The second article presents a scenario of how the official fo- rensic institutions of the states have handled information about unidentified or unclaimed deceased persons, the types of existing databases, methods of sharing and accessing in- formation, and how these actions have impacted the location of these victims. In the third article, an analysis was conducted on the panorama of missing and located persons based on official data provided on the Sinesp-VDE platform of the Ministry of Justice and Pub- lic Security-MJSP, within the historical series from 2015 to 2024. Based on the analyses conducted, there is a need for the implementation of more coherent legal devices aligned with bioethical issues that prevent and curb potential rights violations, through the crea- tion of national-level protocols that standardize the procedures to be adopted for cases of unidentified or unclaimed victims, and the creation of state databases in forensic units in an integrated manner, with information transparency, increasing institutional capillarity and information decentralization, thus allowing families of the missing to conduct effi- cient active searches; further improvement of the national policy for searching for missing persons is also necessary, increasing the efficiency in locating them, improving the con- solidation of data in the centralizing body, and creating socioepidemiological monitoring strategies for this phenomenon. Despite the creation of the law bringing greater legal se- curity, public authority actions need to be improved, with a necessity to enhance actions for combating and preventing the crime and locating the victims.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Resistências malungas: agências sociopolíticas de mulheres quilombolas em Salvaterra, Arquipélago do Marajó - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-16) SOUSA, Maria Páscoa Sarmento de; MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth Acevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884New ethnic groups are a reality in contemporary Marajo, revealing themselves with particular emphasis in the first decades of the 21st century when human groups made up mostly of black people began to claim the quilombola ethnopolitical identity in this place. In this work, we support the premise that this century's aquilombamentos are imbricated in women's agencies, since we were and are the main articulators of actions within the quilombola movement in this region, since 1998. Here, I strive to understand, through Afrocentricity and from a feminist anthropological perspective (Afrodiasporic feminism), the socio-political agencies of women in contemporary aquilombamento processes in the municipality of Salvaterra, in an attempt to locate the place of the feminine in the field of politics in contemporary ethnic societies, spaces where identity is an eminently political and embodied phenomenon (body-politics) and where people perceive themselves as subjects of rights based on confrontations with the state, other institutions and other individuals. In this way, I introduce central issues such as the displacement of the individualized being to the collective being, proper to existence and political experience through an exercise in autoethnographic writing that is a reflection of personal and collective experiences with 21 other women, co-authors, and agents of the research, within an ethnic movement situated in a system of domination whose foundations are racism, patriarchy, male chauvinism, heterosexism, and capitalism. This research is part of Black Studies, Africana Studies, or Africalogy as a scientific field whose theoretical basis is Afrocentricity or the Afrocentric Paradigm, a broad field of study built by the work of diverse African intellectuals located in different latitudes of the globe and at different times, from Africa, through the Americas, the Caribbean to Europe. It constitutes the place of enunciation of a new way of thinking about Africa and Africans on the continent and their descendants in the Transatlantic Black Diaspora, refocusing them as agents of history. This research is also affiliated with critical feminist theory and is guided by the theoretical-practical propositions of Afrodiasporic Feminism, which was created in the various places where black and non-white women are situated in projects of subjectivation, insurgency, and enunciation in the face of systems of oppression that intersect our existences in the world, with a special focus on the interrelations between gender, race/ethnicity and social class and location, seen not only as hierarchical systems of oppression, but as intersectionalities that structure 'places' where black women are forced to live and remain. These autoethnographic writings required delving into my personal experiences as a black quilombola woman, as an Amazonian quilombola, as an activist in the black and Afro-feminist movements, but they also involved immersing myself in collective experiences shared with those who are my other quilombola bros and sisters, in order to understand our social and political agencies in the places where we belong. I conclude that there is a malunga agency, meaning the diverse forms of action articulated by us quilombola women over more than 20 years of quilombola movement in Salvaterra, an agency that is counter-colonial, insurgent and challenging, but which is mediated by the meanings of Ubuntu materialized in solidarity, sharing, cooperation, in short, permeated by Love.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) "Póngase las plumas" - A decolonialidade no sistema das artes visuais contemporâneas pelas perspectivas de gênero e corpos dissidentes: complexidades e contradições entre Brasil, Colômbia e Peru(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-30) VIVIANI, Maria Cristina Simões; GONTIJO, Fabiano de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7539767705260462The concept of decoloniality has frequently been mobilized by the contemporary visual arts system. The term, proposed by the Modernity/Coloniality Group, is mainly used to highlight curatorial practices that include dissident artists—Indigenous, black, queer, and marginalized individuals. However, fieldwork conducted across Brazil, Colombia, and Peru indicated that "decoloniality" has been appropriated by the arts field, becoming a native term within artistic institutions. The capitalization of the concept by the art market has resulted in an identity-based approach that merely refers to the presence of non-hegemonic artists' work, without the structural transformations that decoloniality should entail. Consequently, art agents accuse the system of instrumentalizing their identities, which were previously marginalized, for the benefit of the art system. In light of this issue, the research investigated the art circuit in these three countries through interviews with women artists, curators, and gallerists (cis and transgender), non-binary individuals, and transgender men. Considering the art system as a porous system, formed by a network of power relations between agents, institutions, and artworks, the study sought to highlight the complexities and contradictions inherent in this field from the perspective of gender and dissident bodies. The territorial connection marked by the tri-border region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru also underscores the hegemonic perspective of the Global North on their artistic productions. Power hierarchies are replicated in a colonial model within the art institutions of these three countries. The conflicts and disputes over who decides what is art, who sells art, and who consumes art reveal that the decolonial perspective is more aligned with discourse than practice in the art circuit. The advancement of decoloniality, driven by social pressure for increased representation of minority groups in positions of power, alongside high-impact academic production on decoloniality and market demand, has generated the search for dissident identities that the arts system of the Global South is experiencing today. The limitations imposed on artists' productions, marked by otherness from a hegemonic perspective, expose the need for new strategies to truly decolonize the art system. The essentialization of identities and the reductionist reading of how these bodies and productions are perceived by the art system indicate a simplistic understanding of complex experiences. It is therefore necessary for art agents to question and resist, aiming for historical reparation where productions are contextualized, and the "universal" subject is challenged. This would decentralize the rigidity imposed on dissident identities, allowing for the expansion of the imagination surrounding their bodies and experiences.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Entre o passado e o contemporâneo: o Mercedários UFPA e o fazer arqueológico e antropológico em uma capital amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-05) GONÇALVES, Ana Paula Claudino; COSTA, Diogo Menezes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3938588690473816; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-8232The research discusses the Mercedários building from the perspective of archaeology and urban anthropology in historic centers. Through interviews with the general public, residents near the building and visitors to the Mercedários UFPA, aspects of people's daily lives in this space in contemporary times are addressed, such as its interesting elements and its different uses, which influence the way it is read, and the fact that it is a super artifact, although it is often forgotten. Geophysical methodology was used for the archaeological investigation, followed by monitoring the works that took place in the space and analysis of the collected material, revealing traces of material culture hidden in the basement of the building, in order to generate new possibilities for studying the history of the city and its inhabitants. Currently, the building is one of the UFPA campuses, where the Undergraduate Course in Conservation and Restoration and the Postgraduate Program in Heritage Sciences operate. In the 17th century, it was founded as a convent of the Mercedarian Order, and from the end of the 18th century it began to function as the Belém Customs House, housing other institutions at the same time and later. Its almost 400 years tell us about the biography of this object and stories of people's interactions with the space today, in addition to the accident in a capital of the Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A “Senhora do reino encantado de Guimarães” e suas contemporâneas: Antropologia e Literatura na trajetória da escrita feminina negra na Amazônia do entresséculos XIX e XX(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-08) TRINDADE, Maria de Nazaré Barreto; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884The thesis The “Lady of the Enchanted Kingdom of Guimarães” and its contemporaries: Anthropology and Literature in the trajectory of black female writing in the Amazon region between the XIX and XX centuries intends to ethnographically reconstruct the literary, social and politic trajectory of female and black voices produced in Brazilian literature and, especially in the Amazon region between the XIX and XX centuries. To produce a web of relations where multivocality, that is, the multiple voices are put in evidence and, essentially, the voices silenced by a society built in the tripod of prejudice-racism-social discrimination. Through the dialog between anthropology and literature and by using ethnography as a theoretical-methodological conception that substantiates a type of “archaeology” of the knowledge on women who write and wrote and whose works remained shadowed by literary historiography. I believe that these questions are relevant in this context of intensification of the discussions around the construction of new power relations and the democratization of access to cultural property in Brazil. This way, we alsoface literature as a field of power, a space historically and socially built, where the publications and access were controlled by men, white and from privileged social groups. The thesis tracks a few of these female authors, whose names were, in certain moments, erased from official records, but whose writing remains registered in feuilletons, in loose publications, in journals, in published books. I will take into consideration their subjectivities, the trace of their existence in the world, or like Evaristo points out, whose write-living, or escrevivências, therefore, are for me subjects, from whom the thesis compiles and analyzes a slice of their life trajectories and literary production. Some authors were my companions in this attempt, among whom I mention: Lélia Gonzalez, Conceição Evaristo, Ângela Davis, bell hooks, Michele Perrot, Regina Dalcastagnè, Vicente Salles, Abdias do Nascimento, José Veríssimo, Aimé Cesairé, Frantz Fanon, George Balandier, Goldman, Pierre Bourdieu, J. Clifford, among others.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Riquezas da Terra: paisagens e ocupaçõesn Serra Leste de Carajás(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-05) SILVA, Tallyta Suenny Araujo da; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043XThis work investigated the human occupations and the changes in the landscape caused by them considering the long duration of this process of dwelling. To carry out the thesis presented here, three moments were chosen: (1) the occupation in cavities, specifically those occurred at CECAV-047: Tyto Alba and CECAV-079: Samambaia do Inferno; (2) the occupation of the open-air site: Serra Leste 1; and (3) the recent occupation of the Serra Pelada, mining that started in 1980, in the current city of Curionópolis. The recent occupation linked to the mineral exploitation has caused great transformations in the landscape, producing new records and affecting those left at other times. An integrated analysis of the different moments of dwelling in Serra Leste de Carajás aimed to highlight the importance of each occupation as forming new local landscape, modified according to the social relationships maintained by people with the spaces they dwelled and still dwell according to the exploration and use of “wealth from the earth".Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Peixe frito, Santos e Batuques: Bruno de Menezes em experiências etnográficas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-06) WANZELER, Rodrigo de Souza; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267In this thesis, I undertake a study that primarily tries to present another reading key for the intellectual production of Bruno de Menezes (1893-1963), who gained prominence in the Amazon cultural scene as a great literary. Thus, I try to reconstitute important aspects of his life trajectory, I highlight representations of the daily life of the city of Belém coming from his social and political experiences and I focus the diversity and plurality of voices, coming from the latent interculturality in Belém of the first half of the twentieth century. In this exercise, I explore the ethnographic bias in some of his main compositions, an interpretive line chosen to resignify the studies on the black literate. In order to achieve the central objective of the research, in other words, the thesis that stitches the work, some questions became the north: What ethnographic experiences make up the life trajectories of Bruno de Menezes? How did the intellectual perceive himself and others in his writings? In what conditions and circuits did the writer conduct research and produce writings about the cultural dynamics in paraense scenarios of the Amazon? Finally, what is the importance of Bruno as a social thinker for the Amazon context in the first half of the twentieth century? The formulation and understanding of these issues are anchored in the theoretical-methodological cross-cutting of an ethnographic know-how that was aligned in the connections of Anthropology with Literature and Folklore, Cultural Studies, Postcolonial Studies and Oral History and it verticalizes in a field that literary works, folk surveys, photographs and oral reports reconstruct evidence of and about the writer on screen. In view of the above, I divide the academic text into two parts: in the first, I deal with Bruno's various paths throughout his life and emphasize established networks, which have contributed to the formation of his self-constitution and critical repertoire. In the second part, I approach three productions of Bruno de Menezes - Boi Bumba: auto popular; São Benedito da Praia: Folclore do Ver-o-Peso and Batuque. The intention is to reconstitute and analyze the ethnographic experience of these literary compositions and dare to include the black jurunense in the roll of the great thinkers about the culture in the Amazon, going, thus, beyond the literary aspect, facet which Bruno is really recognized. So, I think that from every epistemological background in which the thesis is supported, another Bruno de Menezes is unveiled, the esthete of the word is also an ethnographer of the paraense Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Povos Indígenas na cidade de Boa Vista: estratégias identitárias e demandas políticas em contexto urbano(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-06) MELO, Luciana Marinho de; ALENCAR, Edna Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7555559649274791In this research, I deal with strategies for the ethnic recognition of the indigenous peoples from Boa Vista city, Roraima. This struggle is attributable to the State's refusal to recognize the ethnic belonging of self-declared indigenous people residing in an urban context, preventing their access to indigenous policies. This situation led to the creation of three organizations presided over by Macuxi and Wapichana leaderships, such as the City Indigenous Organization, Kapói Indigenous Association and Kuaikrî Indigenous Association, which present different strategies as a way of legitimizing ethnic belonging and aim, in general terms, the communion in the constitutional rights directed to the native peoples. The intention of this study is to identify the political strategies built around the ethnic identities of the Macuxi and Wapichana peoples of Boa Vista through the indigenous movement. By political outlines, I refer to the discursive and symbolic resources triggered in the construction of reclamation patterns, which are elaborated within organizations. The first hypothesis I propose to discuss about this issue is that the criteria and mechanisms adopted by the State agents become more restrictive and exclusive inasmuch as the indigenous movement in an urban context appropriates them. The second hypothesis is that the State's refusal to recognize ethnic identity reflects a strategically constructed stance that acquits it from responsibilities towards indigenous peoples. The ethnographic rummage focused mainly on the meetings and assemblies promoted by the organizations and made possible the analysis about the political construction of ethnic identities, the appropriation of the city as a place of ancestry, struggles, resistance, negotiations and dialogues led by leaders. The results of the analyzes demonstrate that the conflticting relationship with the State has as a consequence the strengthening of the urban indigenous movement and the emergence of new leaderships that aim not only to reverse the situation of ethnic invisibility in a city that has approximately 31,000 indigenous self-declared people, but political participation, including partisan participation. In this study, the theories on Ethnic Ethnicity and Identity, as well as ethnological studies, were primordial to this research.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Entre cacos e flores: apropriações, usos e significados dos vestígios arqueológicos pelos moradores do sítio Macurany, Parintins, Amazonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-31) BIANCHEZZI, Clarice; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211This research intended to comprehend the appropriations, uses and meaning given to the archaeological vestiges by people who lives nearby the archaeological sites located in Macurany community, Parintins, Amazon state. I present the narratives from Macurany´s people about the archaeological remains, their plurality of interactions with the Indigenous Dark Earth, the nut trees, landscape, along with the intangible – visages, haunted things, enchanted beings and other existences who can possess the body and spirit of local people and that in Macurany is also linked to the archaeological materiality. I highlight the challenges of archaeological heritage management in the Amazon, considering the archaeological domestic collections realities in Macurany and Parintins. The reflection that was brought aims at contributing to the archaeological patrimony management in the region and to better comprehend the relationships between the amazonian people and the traces from the ancestral occupations. The entanglement of agriculture cultivars, flowers and archaeological sherds, it was possible to recognize the affection and the sense of belonging of the people to their place and their traces; the things of the past and present in Macurany community.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pontos de memória: de Política Cultural a Museus em periferias.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-05) ALCÂNTARA, Camila de Fátima Simão de Moura; GODOY, Renata de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5173744417832044; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-8670The following thesis presents an ethnographic research on the community initiatives of Points of Memory that participated in a democratic process for the construction of a cultural public policy in Brazil, based on social museology. The objective of this study is to understand the political and social (re)arrangements that the twelve self-styled “pioneers” initiatives make to maintain their museum processes in the Brazilian peripheries. Territories marked by deprivation and abandonment of effective public policies, where there is a proliferation of all kinds of violence against the place and its people. Reflections on the object of the research took place through the Anthropology of Museums, which provided an interpretation of museum processes in contact with the perception of the representations of pioneer Memory Spots about their realities in their places of existence. Organized into five chapters, the thesis discusses museums in processes that use realities and creative solutions in peripheral urban spaces to register the social memory and safeguard the cultural heritage of the various social groups that live in these territories. Presenting the main public policy guidelines aimed at museums that encouraged these groups to create their museum processes. The pioneering points' initiatives are revisited based on a privileged view of the Terra Firme Memory Spot, in Belem do Para, in which it considered community movements to defend the territorial, social, cultural and political development of the communities they represent. In this ethnographic research, I understand that the pioneering Memory Spots are museums in processes formed by different subjects who enrich themselves as communities, when they develop critical thinking about their realities and organize transformative collective actions in the cities where they take place, based on the active forces of memory. These museum processes come to life within communities, strengthening them as subjects who create, recreate and decide on their realities.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Crianças ribeirinhas e quilombolas da Amazônia: crescimento, determinantes sociais de saúde e políticas públicas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-29) FILGUEIRAS, Ligia Amaral; SILVA, Hilton Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821The Amazon represents over half of the tropical forests in the world and has the highest biodiversity in the world, but continues to suffer serious environmental problems due to the illegal exploitation of its resources. Human populations living in these areas are indigenous and non-indigenous, largely rural, with intense miscegenation between white settlers, the indigenous native population and Africans who came as slaves. They are small producers who depend on and deeply know the nature and its cycles and use relatively simple technology, little impact on the environment. These populations living in rural areas are considered made vulnerable, especially children. This study aimed to assess the health situation of children from three population groups of the Amazon residents National Forest Caxiuanã (PA), the Sustainable Development Reserve Mamirauá (AM) and seven Quilombo communities (Africa / Laranjituba, St. Anthony , hoses, Spring, Oriximiná, Trumpets and Abacatal - PA). 990 children were analyzed 0 to 9 years of age compared to WHO criteria from 2008 to 2015. It was found that children Caxiuanã are in deficit height / age (26.15%) and children Mamirauá (17.9%), while among the Maroons the most serious situation was in the Spring community (35.72%). The difference between them was significant (p = 0.018) and the Tukey test indicates that children Caxiuanã are worse off with regard to weight / age. In general, all communities lack environmental sanitation, running water, have substandard housing, including without bathroom or internal health, which influences the high levels of intestinal parasites, skin infections and other diseases. Access to health services is often difficult due to the distances between homes and health centers, as in most cases the transport is poor. The Amazon region is vast and difficult to manage, but if there is no serious improvements in public policies in all sectors, children in rural areas still remain distant from international growth parameters in the 21st century Therefore, it is necessary that best public health programs are developed to the Amazon region, which are reflected in better quality growth and health.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Antropologia linguística & etnografia toponímica: vivências e narrativas em linguagens socioculturais de Murinin-Benevides-Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-06) FARIAS, Maria Adelina Rodrigues de; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267The present experiment deals with the questioning about the meaning of the names of places where people circulate, the toponyms, in the municipality of Benevides-PA, more precisely in the district of Murinin. The toponymic studies have as scope the deprehension of the lexicon of certain territories, considering the historical and socio-cultural formation of the people that live there, specifically through the names given to the social circulation places, such as streets, waterways, districts, cities, etc., evidencing both synchronic and diachronic aspects of speech. The study deals with a discussion about the construction of memory and toponymic identity of this locality, demonstrating the values attributed by the interlocutors to their birth and/or living places. The problematization is based on the following guiding question: What power relations are present in the constitution of this nominalization? For this reason, I considered, for this research, to work with the theoretical assumptions of Postcolonial Anthropology and the studies on Oral Narratives. Thus, I start, in principle, a formal survey, not escaping too much from the traditional methodology of toponymic research, but considering, in the interviews, the alternative toponymy as well, that is, unofficial, vernacular, trying to motivate the interlocutor to seek, in his memory, the identity of such name and its relation to the life of those who live(d) there, whether from the social, political, economic or religious point of view.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Exá raú mboguatá guassú mohekauka yvy marãe‟y(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) MACHADO, Almires Martins; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048The present study seeks to analyze under the lens of anthropology, how the religious leaders Mbya, fulfill the dreams received from Nhanderu Ete, starting to walk toward the land without evil, the yvymarane'y; return to the site of ancient occupation or indicated by Nhanderu, a land where maintains historical ties to fight. The conflicts intensify with the demarcation/expansion of territories or land for the Mbya Guarani, as in the case of Pará, who walked about a hundred years to find a land to exercise in which the correct way to live; the dissent potentiates the ethnocentrism, discrimination, racism, the stigma of being indian, bugre, slacker, alcoholic, "race less". The research focuses on how "choose", "adopt," "recapture," re-signify, re-territoryalize guaranify, the land where oguata has been stopped.