Restauração florestal na Amazônia: uma análise a partir da concorrência de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas na Região de Integração do Bico do Papagaio

Abstract

Natural resources are increasingly affected by the massive use that man makes when using them. As a consequence, we observe the instability of the climate, the increase of the seas, the melting of the polar ice caps, the degradation of the soils, the deforestation of the forests, among other effects. In several regions of the world, especially in the Amazon, forest restoration with its various methods has been a sustainable alternative to mitigate these effects. The discussion about technological trajectories in the Amazon can help in understanding the forest restoration agendas that multiply in this space, because it is in this environment that it is verified that technological trajectories establish different forms of production that may or may not take into account the original nature (the Amazon forest biome). Due to this, the objectives that guide this research analyzed the competition between different technological trajectories, in particular, T6 (silvicultural) and T2 (agroforestry) around forest restoration. The study region took place in Açailândia, a municipality belonging to Região de Integração do Bico do Papagaio (RIBP). To expose the competition between the different forms of forest restoration, it was decided to obtain the perception of four groups of agents, among which are the peasants representing agroforestry systems, the private sector representing reforestation with eucalyptus, the public sector and products of seedlings. Methodologically, the theoretical and methodological framework on technological trajectories in the Amazon was used. Primary and secondary data were collected, the first made from questionnaires and interviews and the secondary through platforms and official documents. The results indicated the different productive forces between the technological trajectories that were the focus of the study, since there was strong competition from T6 and even from T7 (soybean), while T2 continues to resist through agroforestry movements, despite the absence of public institutional, technical and financial support. In addition, the results show that despite the resistance of agroforestry movements, there is a strong pressure for natural resources coming from T6 and T7, mainly by land, processes that conjecture for the weakening of forest restoration by the most sustainable agroforestry methods, such as, are performed by T2.