O financiamento climático para cidades amazônicas: análise da prontidão e vulnerabilidade frente a eventos extremos de inundação

Abstract

The climate change causes concern due to the material and immaterial impacts that society has. The cities are more exposed to these impacts, because concentrate people and essential services, such as hospitals, banks, schools, among others. The adaptation and mitigation of climate change in cities is a means of coping with impacts, however it requires financial investments that may come from public, private or climate funds. The climate finance is an important topic in the debate on climate change, it aims to concentration financial investments that are directed to countries or cities to assist in the elaboration and implementation of adaptive or mitigating measures in the face of climate change. However, access to climate finance is still restricted due to factors such as technical or organizational capacity, and scenarios of social and structural vulnerability of stakeholders in financing. Another restrictive factor of access is that the sources of financing have limited financial resources. Through this, funding sources need criteria to select funding recipients, one of the criteria involves the applicants' readiness and vulnerability scenario. The climate change and the accentuation of extreme events also have an impact on the Amazon; therefore, actions preservation and conservation have always been a global public and private interest. The Amazonian cities have also suffered from the impacts of climate change, so its insertion in debates involving climate change and climate finance is of paramount importance to promote their development combined with facing the adverse damage from climate change. In this scenario, the research aims to elucidate the climate financing scenario for Amazonian cities and their levels of adaptation considering vulnerability and readiness. Therefore, the methodology for the climate financing scenario of Amazonian cities uses stages of searching, processing and analyzing data from climate financing projects. For the adaptation levels, the propositions used by Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) project, known as the Country Index and Urban Adaptation Assessment, are used on a methodological basis aiming at the formulation of the Adaptation Level Index of Amazonian cities facing extreme flood events.