Aplicação tecnológica da gelatina de peixe em microencapsulação e filmes biodegradáveis

Abstract

The fish processing industries generate a large polluting materials quantity, such as furs, from which gelatine can be obtained for the several products elaboration. The aim of this study was to extract gelatine from yellow hake skin (Cynoscion acoupa) for icroencapsulation of fish oil use by spray drying and biodegradable films production with the addition of diferente vegetal oils. The first paper consisted of the fish oil microencapsulation, in which four formulations with different concentrations of gum arabic and gelatine of the yellow hake skin were made as wall material and fish oil as a filling. The results showed excellent encapsulation efficiency of fish gelatine, above 94%, and it is possible to totally replace gum arabic with fish gelatin in the microencapsulation process. In the second paper it was proposed to determine by means of a complete factorial design 23 the optimal process conditions for a biodegradable film fish gelatine development with addition of buriti oil and to characterize it in relation to its physical, mechanical specificities and antioxidants. The process optimization conditions were 2.3% fish gelatine, 30% buriti oil and 13.18% plasticizer. This study showed that fish gelatine and buriti oil are promising sources for biodegradable packaging development, which can reduce the environmental impact caused by fishery and petroleum-based plastics. The third paper aimed to develop active packaging materials with added essential and fixed oils and to select the best packaging using computational intelligence. The oil addition provided greater elasticity and thickness, without modifying the permeability to water vapor. The films presented good antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, being able to inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. The added clove oil film was considered the best by artificial intelligence using the KNN algorithm and palm oil may be a potential for use in active packaging due to its excellent properties and low cost. With the results presented, it can be concluded that biodegradable fish gelatine films production and oil of clove, oregano, buriti and palm oil are promising alternatives and can reduce the environmental impact caused by fishing industry waste and plastics derived from polyethylene and polypropylene.