Investigação fitoquímica e avaliação da atividade anti inflamatória do extrato hidroetílico de folhas de salix humboldtiana em modelo zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

The leaves of Salix humboldtiana, family Salicaceae, are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, febrile states, among others. However, there is little information about the species in the literature. However, the genus Salix has a very significant diversity of uses in popular medicine, with Salix alba L. as its most renowned representative, which is included in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia Form of Herbal Medicine. This work proposes to investigate chemical constituents with an emphasis on phenolic compounds, through pharmacognostic studies (analysis of physical-chemical quality); the phytochemical approach, the tests, served to demonstrate the presence of classes of secondary metabolites: reducing sugars, phenols and tannins, flavonoids, catechins, steroids and coumarin derivatives; fractionation, CCD and CLAE-DAD. In addition to biological testing on an animal model (D. rerio) to investigate anti-inflammatory activities. In this sense, the objectives of performing the phytochemical analyzes and the bioassay, the Salix humboldtiana Ethyl Extract (EBSh) was used in different doses in in vivo tests. Groups previously treated with 75 mg / kg EBSh showed 5% inhibition; 150 mg / kg showed 14% inhibition; 300 mg / kg showed 54% inhibition; 500 mg / kg showed 60% inhibition, 750 mg / kg showed 43% inhibition of abdominal edema compared to the negative control. Among the five different concentrations of EBSh tested and evaluated in the zebrafish model, the concentration of 500 mg, provided a statistically more expressive response regarding anti-inflammatory activity and anti-edematogenic degree after 5 h of treatment. This response was superior to the indomethacin standard when compared to the negative control, thus indicating the ability to reduce and / or inhibit edema in the peritoneal region. The animals subjected to the tests showed changes in normal behavior at all doses tested, these changes varied according to the concentration of EBSh administered. In the three lowest doses (75 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg), the fish showed only mild to moderate changes and less frequently, while in the two highest concentrations (500 mg and 750 mg), they manifested important behavioral changes, some with greater frequency and intensity.