Dissertações em Gestão de Riscos e Desastres Naturais na Amazônia (Mestrado) - PPGGRD/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9944

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Erosões urbanas para percepção de risco: o caso das voçorocas na cidade de Açailândia-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-28) MIRANDA, Antonio Carlos da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The forms of land use and occupation without proper planning tend to generate several problems in the process of expansion of the cities, among them, mention is made of the emergence and acceleration of erosive processes, especially in places with natural vulnerability. This study aimed to characterize the urban erosions for the perception of the risks in the gullies in Açailândia-MA. The methodology used qualitative and quantitative analyzes to understand the origin of the urban erosion process (natural and / or anthropic); the evolution of these processes, by altering the natural landscape; the erosive effects resulting from natural phenomena, controlling factors and anthropic actions; the characterization of erosive features in the gully areas; and its classification as a disaster according to the Brazilian Code of Disasters - COBRADE. For the development of the methodology, two gullies were chosen, located in areas with distinct characteristics, one being located in the Barra Azul neighborhood, a transition zone from rural to urban (peri-urban) and the other in an urbanized area in the Açailândia-MA Center. According to the results found in the research it was possible to conclude that this voçoroca disaster is classified by the Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disaster - COBRADE in 1.1.4.3.3. When analyzing the origin, shape and size of the two gullies, historical data were considered for 12 years, relating the advance to each end of the rainy season. The origin of the craters is related to the interactions of the anthropic and natural factors. On the other hand, the shapes of the craters are different: the barrel of the Barra Azul neighborhood is branched and the one of the neighborhood of Centro has irregular shape, and the two gullies present their sizes classified as very large. The eroded volumes are above 40,000 m³. As a final product, a model of an Emergency or Contingency Plan for Geological Disaster Occurrences - PLANECON was prepared for the city of Açailândia (MA). The development of this allows during the crisis to develop the operationalization, the procedures and actions that should be taken, adapting them to objective planning, the hierarchy of response actions in the planning of decisions, the actual situation of the disaster during the occurrence, the use of Erosive Disaster Risk Management actions in the use of non-structural and structural measures by the responsible bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das variações da linha de costa na Ilha de Mosqueiro- PA ao longo de 17 anos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-24) BRAGA, Carlos Alberto Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Francisco de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8386440288477782
The average rates of coastline variation are one of the best indicators to determine the trend of the oscillatory behavior of any part of the coastline over time. The multi-temporal study of the coastline dynamics of the beach segments of Mosqueiro Island, PA, using the Landsat and Sentinel series of satellite imagery, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the aid of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), demonstrated that during the period from 2001 to 2018, the total linear mean change for all beach segments was -81.3 m at a rate of -9.67 m / year. The average linear retreat was - 160.77 m, while the average linear advance was 79.47 m, indicating a clear erosion tendency of the Mosqueiro Island coast. From the 11 beach segments analyzed (Baia do Sol, Paraíso, Marahú, Carananduba, São Francisco, Ariramba, Murubira, Porto Arthur, Bishop / Praia Grande, Bitar), in the western part of the Island, 06 (São Francisco, Ariramba, Murubira, Porto Arthur, Bishop / Praia Grande and Bitar) showed a trend of retreat of their coastlines, presenting average rates of variation from -1.00 m / year to -3.31 m / year, the highest rate belonging to the Bishop segment /Big beach. The segments of Baía do Sol, Paraíso, Marahú, Carananduba and Farol / Chapéu Virado were the only ones that presented a tendency to advance in their coastlines, presenting values of average rates varying from 0.30 m / year to 1.74 m / year. In addition to the study of the behavior of the coastline of the western part of Mosqueiro Island, the classification of the physical vulnerability to the coastal erosion of the Island was carried out. In general, the coastal zones of the island bathed by Guajará Bay, Furo das Marinhas and Furo do Maguari were classified as "high to very high", with the exception of some sectors located in the northwest, northeast and southeast of the island. were classified as "low to moderate" vulnerability. The most localized areas in the center of the island not directly impacted by oceanographic variables were classified as "very low to moderate"vulnerability, in addition to some contiguous areas that were classified as "high" vulnerability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprimoramento normativo do sistema de alertas de desastres naturais no município de Belém.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-10) BRITO, Wagner Lobato; MORAES, Bergson Cavalcanti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8462634544908052
The democratic state of Brazilian law has been evolving significantly in the improvement of legislation related to the management of risk minimization and mitigation of natural disasters. However, there is a lack of concrete normative provisions that regulate the municipal institution of an effective and effective system for the transmission of the alerts to the Civil Defense of the municipality of Belém, in order to minimize and even mitigate the risks of natural disasters and thus safeguard the vulnerable population. The need for a more robust and effective legal mechanism becomes clear when the impacts caused by natural disasters in the capital of the state of Pará are analyzed, as well as the communities that are affected and the population that is in imminent danger. The present study has as main objective the proposal of a normative tool of municipal civil defense, for Bethlehem, with the intention of prevention and mitigation of risks to natural disasters. In the region of study, natural disasters such as windstorms, floods and floods are frequent. It is known that the causes for occurrence of these events come from natural phenomena and their events are neither transient nor punctual. The methodological procedures consisted of analyzes of the current legislation related to the subject, at the federal, state and municipal level, as well as important information of the monitoring system of alerts and natural disasters, which served as reference to plan the elucidation of its execution, organization and legal analysis. Also analyzed were the hierarchies of the laws, characterizing the constitutionality of the norms and the legal powers that authorize and delegate the creation of normative instruments that regulate the system of monitoring and alerts of natural disasters. The product of the research is the elaboration of the draft of the proposal of amendment of the municipal Law, more precisely with regard to art. 5, item "F", to make the use of the alert tool made available by the monitoring institutions by the municipal Civil Defense agency dynamic and mandatory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ocupação de terrenos de marinha: risco e regulamentação jurídica.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-10) SANTOS, Jéssica de Souza Teixeira; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
The present research has as objective to treat the marine lands and their increased, that as assets of the union, were also instituted as source of income of the same. Currently, they are enshrined in the federal constitution of 1988, as well as by decree-law no. 9,760 / 1946, by decree no. 3,725 / 2001, as well as by law no. 9,636 / 1988. The navy lands and their awnings may be established as sunday goods, goods of common use of the people and goods of special use. It is extremely important to also consider pec no. 39/2011, which aims at securing the land of the navy, as well as the question of the demarcation of these lands that is presented from the preamar average line of 1831, and the secretariat of the patrimony of the union - spu civil liability and the principles of environmental law, as well as the multidisciplinarity of disciplines of civil law, environmental law and disaster law, are necessary in order to the compression of the dimension of the subject and the problem presented. It is also understood that it is necessary to maintain the institute of marine lands as a good of the union, looking not only for the collection interest, but mainly for preservation, as well as for environmental recovery, transforming this institute into real service of the socio-environmental function and, moreover, as being mainly recognized with a constitutional aspect. Based on the results obtained, and based on the analysis carried out on the study of the demarcation of brazilian navy lands, based on the national characterization plan developed by the spu, it was verified that much remains to be done in relation to the demarcations and, the importance of the navy land remaining as assets of the union, overcoming the lack of instruments and advancing to the recognition of the constitutional expression of this institute and in this way, the research went to the creation of a "normative act" in the species "recommendation", to the technicians of the municipal government of abaetetuba, who are involved with the public service situations inherent to the marine lands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade e percepção de risco de acidentes com barragens de caulim em Barcarena.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-27) AVELAR, Marcio dos Santos; ANDRADE, Milena Marília Nogueira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1930321094483005
The society uses the existing natural resources and generates modifications in the nature with constructions of artificial structures such as the dams. Like other anthropogenic interventions, the construction of dams can bring diverse social benefits, from the generation of electric power, regulation of the flow for the purpose of supply, irrigation, flood control or prevention of droughts. Specifically for mining, tailings dams are the most common form of existing tailings storage. However, associated risks accompany works of this magnitude and possible ruptures of a dam can trigger disasters. Impacts depend on the vulnerability of the environment and society and can drastically affect all locally constituted living elements and can cause loss of social and economic order throughout a mode of population organization. Thus, this study has the objective of conducting an analysis of the vulnerability and risk perception of the Industrial district and Vila do Conde, which are the neighborhoods around the kaolin reject basin nº3 (B3) located in the municipality of Barcarena (PA). To perform this research were used secondary data of the municipality, legislation and the Emergency Action Plan of the dam; and primary data obtained in the field from the use of 143 questionnaires. As results were identified elements that characterize the vulnerability of the populations downstream of the B3 basin, both in Vila do Conde and in the Industrial neighborhood, such as: the proximity of these areas of the B3 basin, family income less than one (1) minimum wage (71.33%), (29.37% do not have complete primary education), 60.14% of the households have at least one (1) child, and 36.73% have elderly and 4.17% with special needs. In this way it is concluded that it is important that there is an intervention of the public power in order to carry out preventive actions with the population, as well as to establish bases for its action in the event of a disaster event in the study area presented here.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema hidrológico para previsão de risco na Amazônia utilizando redes neurais.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-02) PERES, Victor da Cruz; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The estimation of the future behavior of the levels of a river basin is fundamental for the elaboration of the plan of management of its water resources. The objective of this research was to model the relationship between rainfall and level through a technique known as artificial neural networks (RNA). RNAs are empirical models with functions similar to the functioning of the human brain. In this research, the ability of RNA to model the rain-level process on a daily basis was evaluated. Influences of network architecture, initialization of weights, and extension of data series were considered during RNA training. The five RNAs that produced the best results were confronted with the observed results. The results were very satisfactory. Finding in a dry and full alert system in Itaituba-Pa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção de risco e vulnerabilidade social dos moradores de Ajuruteua.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-04) OLIVEIRA, Ubiranilson Santos de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
This study investigates the perception of risk and social vulnerability of the residents of Ajuruteua, a beach located 36 km from the town of Bragança-Pará. Part of this area is considered as a very high risk to marine coastal erosion, as noted by the destruction of properties located by the sea. Erosion is a natural event that affects people’s safety and it is triggered by anthropic factors, especially by disorderly occupation. Due to this the government proposes the evacuation of people from risk areas, because they are vulnerable to erosive action. However, it comes across the economic factor of the families involved, since the income of the people living there depends on the fishing, commerce, houses rental, hostels and other activities developed in the coast. In this perspective, this research aimed to verify residents’ perception on the risk of erosion, as well as to record their adaptation to natural events, and to monitor the impacts of removing the vulnerable population from risk areas to the municipality's headquarters. Such a context brings out the following issues: Can the understanding of the risk perception and social vulnerabilities of people living in Ajuruteua contribute to public policies for disaster risk reduction? The methodology was based on theory and method literature review, documentary research in public and private institutions and the application of a script of interviews with local residents and entrepreneurs. The objective of the interviews was to understand and identify the degree of social vulnerability of the resident population in Ajuruteua from the population 's perception of natural erosion events. It is hoped that the study will be able to contribute to public policies for disaster reduction, collaborating with the discussion about the different perceptions about the appropriate use of natural resources available in Ajuruteua.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema regional de monitoramento de seca.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-01) PEDROSA, João Paulo da Costa; MORAES, Bergson Cavalcanti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8462634544908052
Drought is a natural phenomenon of meteorological origin, due to a precipitation deficit, which is verified every year in different regions of the globe, being therefore a recurring feature of the climate and not a rare occurrence. A drought situation can result in a natural disaster if there is no local resilience as a capacity for managing water resources to minimize their adverse effects. In many regions, as in developing countries, the consequences of droughts reach such a magnitude that they are often classified as catastrophic, causing famine, deaths and population exoduses. Considering this problem, the present study adapted a physical-mathematical model for the local conditions able to monitor drought based on the Palmer Drought Severity Index (ISSP) through changes in latitude, field capacity, water balance of Thornthwaite and the data of the files needed to calculate the index. The model used precipitation and air temperature data from 1987 to 2014. The model also had to be compiled for the C ++ language. We obtained as an answer an index with better reliability by the fact of using data with high resolution and more representative for the Amazon region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do uso e ocupação do solo e mapeamento de áreas aterradas em Abaetetuba - PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-11-29) SILVA, Thamna Maíra Lourinho; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
On January 4, 2014, in the Municipality of Abaetetuba PA, there was a landfill collapse in the São João Neighborhood, which affected about 67 (sixty-seven) families, so that 13 (thirteen) houses were destroyed and 49 forty-nine) interdicted. According to the Geological Survey of Brazil, the area in which the disaster occurred was gradually landed by irregular residents (with a landfill composed of sand, clay, garbage and açaí stones), and without the proper monitoring of the Public Power. Therefore, the present work has the main objective to perform analysis of land use and occupation - from multitemporal analysis through the algorithm Maximum Likelihood - of the urban area of the municipality, as well as the mapping of land areas along the Preservation Areas Permanent - APP located in the surroundings of the city, based on the delimitations established by the New Forest Code, established by Law Nº. 12.651 of May 25, 2012. It was verified that the urban expansion has intensively pressed this special area and, based on analyzes concerning the use and occupation of the soil, it was verified that in a period of 28 years there was a reduction of 4.01 km2 of vegetation cover and, consequently, the growth of about 4 km2 of deforested areas in favor of urban expansion. When conducting field surveys regarding possible terraced areas around the city, it was concluded that there was grounding in all 14 (fourteen) points visited.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do potencial de risco de rompimento em barragens de rejeito de mineração do Estado do Pará utilizando a metodologia Risk-Based Profiling System (RBPS).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-30) CONCEIÇÃO, Raimundo Almir Costa; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The serious and very serious socioenvironmental disasters related to disruption in mining tailings dams have been exhibiting worldwide, a growing tendency since the 1960s and this is directly related to the increasing production of waste. In this context, there is a fundamental necessity for risk and safety analyzes of these dams, which can be done through methods that estimate the probability occurrence of disruption events, in order to make the decision to have a process more focused and safe. One of these analyzes is the so-called Risk-Based Profiling System (RPBS), which allows us to gauge, from qualitative data, the probability of a disruption and its probable consequences, which comes from the four most frequent scenarios (static, hydrological, seismic and operation and maintenance). This analysis was applied to six mining dams in the State of Pará, municipalities of Parauapebas, Paragominas and Canaã dos Carajás. The results showed, in the universe of analysis, dam B3 was the one with the highest failure rate (455.18), followed by the dam B1 (428.63) and the dam B2 (375,66). However, the dam with the highest risk for downstream areas was B2 with a Total Risk Index of 969.20 points, mainly due to the large number of possible people affected (12,900 people). This same dam is the one that would affect the greatest number of socioenvironmental components, defined then with possible cause of extreme damages. Compared with the risk analysis established in law, the RBPS analysis showed similarities, but more detailed in function of the four scenarios of analysis that will be generated, rather than just one. A risk analysis guide for dams was created as well, which came out from this present study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem hidrológica para extremos de inundações e secas para o município de Boa Vista em Roraima.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-24) CARVALHO, Adriana Alves de; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The present research is based on statistical methods applied as an analysis tool in the study of the interaction between ocean and atmosphere in the up and down behavior of the Branco river in Boa Vista. Individual associations for years of floods and droughts conditioned to the oceanic component, evaluated by Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the monitored areas of Niño 1 + 2, Niño 3.4, Niño 3, Niño 4 and North Atlantic Tropical (ATN); (PD) and Tahiti (PT) regions were evaluated through the acquisition of monthly climatic data from the Climate Prediction Center in 1982-2016. These associations aimed to investigate if these areas present favorable indicatives for extreme years of floods and droughts. Significant correlations were found above 0.5 in most flood and drought events in the following areas: Niño 1 + 2, Tropical Atlantic North, both with a lag time of 4 months, and the Darwin and Tahiti regions, but the effects of these variables to change the fluviometric regime of the White River in Boa Vista is 6 months. This information obtained through the calculation of the correlation coefficient (r) allowed the use of the Least Squares Method to model the prediction of the variability of flood and drought events induced by the seasonality of the Branco river. The long-term trends and numerical oscillations reproduced by the model for both scenarios were compared with the level measurements for the period 2011-2016. The results showed good performance of the model, with a percentage error of 30% for the prediction of drought events and 34% for those of floods, thus indicating that the selected input components exert a great contribution in the predictability of hydrological extremes in Boa Vista. Given this, it is suggested that this study can become operational in the monitoring centers of the state of Roraima, as a tool to support planning actions in the period of floods and droughts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade socioambiental em área peri-urbana suscetível a movimentos de massa: estudo de caso no Distrito de Miritituba, Itaituba, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-21) SENA, Marson Menezes; RODRIGUES, Hernani José Brazão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1660618871530248
Natural Disasters associated with mass movements have increased considerably in the last decades, causing a series of physical damages, with consequences mainly on human life, private, public and collective goods. Differently from other regions of Brazil, the Amazon region, despite of the predominance of lowland areas, also suffers from mass movement events caused mainly by the performance of atmospheric rainfall systems that when in excess, produce events of this nature. The objective of this work was to analyze the socioenvironmental consequences of urban occupation in areas of risk of landslides, starting from a case study in the district of Buritizal, District of Miritituba, Itaituba / PA and presenting administrative solutions through elaboration and proposition of a bill in the Itaituba City Council that aims to reserve housing through the National Popular Housing Program for families who have lost their homes or live in areas on the risk of natural disasters. The present study was carried out based on two lines of research, one of bibliographic and the other of field, with mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative), in order to show the problem in the studied context. So, socioeconomic indicators were used from the e-SUS questionnaires, such as, from secondary data obtained from the IBGE, to the municipality of Itaituba and CPRM. The means of social vulnerability were related to the means of environmental vulnerability. From the described scenarios, it was possible to verify that the scenario referring to social variables showed 90% of average vulnerability. On the other hand, the scenario regarding environmental vulnerability was the most critical, with more than 75% of high vulnerability. Summarize, it is verified that both the variables that make the social indicators and the environmental factors have been determinant on the definition of the socio-environmental vulnerability scenario. Socio-environmental vulnerability reached 2.7, so the socioenvironmental vulnerability of families living in the neighborhood of Buritizal was defined as high. The Socio-environmental Vulnerability allowed to observe and quantify the different levels of vulnerability experienced by each family surveyed, and it is possible to indicate which families have more or less vulnerability residing in the neighborhood of Buritizal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da precipitação na atividade de beneficiamento de caulim em Barcarena-Pa e seus impactos socioambientais.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) LEMOS, Marcos Antonio de Queiroz; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
Mining in the Stateof Pará occupies a prominent position in the regional and national economies. Although it is installed and operating in compliance with the due process of environmental licensing, mining activity of great degradation potential has been causing environmental disasters and social problems. This work analyzes the polluting events occurring in the period from 2004 to 2016, due to the leakage of tailings and kaolin ore bodies in the Dendê river, Curuperé and Maricá streams, to the Marajó Bay, and the influence of precipitation on the activity of kaolin processing and its social and environmental impacts. The research was based on reports of Police investigations in the Specialized Division of the Environmentof the Civil Police of Pará, expert reports of the Institute of Criminology of the Center for Scientific Expertise Renato Chaves, reports of the Evandro Chagas Institute of the Ministry of Health and the Laboratory of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry of the UFPA, in which authors and materiality were identified, the communities and water bodies affected and the social and environmental impacts resulting from the polluting events. From a descriptive and analytical approach of these events, the socio-environmental impacts were identified, the accelerated growth of the urban population from the installation of the industrial enterprises; the constant damages in the riverside communities located around the mining company; the expansion of areas of environmental risk with the expansion of mining activity in the region and the successive pollution of water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inundações em Marabá: avaliação estratégica para declarar situação de emergência.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-04) BENTES, Klebson Loair Lázaro Mansos; MORAES, Bergson Cavalcanti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8462634544908052
Natural disaster is a worldwide problem that every year have been increasing frequency and impacts, they are classified in geological, meteorological, climatological, hydrological and biological. The present study worked on the hydrological disaster (flood / flood). The study area chosen was Marabá-PA, due to the high incidence of flooding and the extensive area susceptible to this adverse event. In 21 years, in the period from 1991 to 2012 there were 17 records by Civil Defense. The objective of the research was to evaluate the parameters used to declare the alert situation, emergency situation and state of public calamity based on the fluviometric quota of the Tocantins River. The research developed was bibliographical and documentary; its database was the database of the institutions; river basin of the Tocantins River - National Water Agency; data from the municipality and the population of Marabá - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; to define the flood surface area - report of the Research Company and Mineral Resources; to estimate the number of buildings in flood risk area - Amazon Protection System. In the period delimited for conducting the research (1972 to 2015) it was possible to verify that in most of these years the fluviometric quota of the Tocantins River reached impact footage; the characteristics of the population of Marabá and specifically of the area of risk are of vulnerabilities to the flood impacts. The Product was developed to characterize the potential of disaster intensity to declare a warning situation, emergency situation and state of public calamity based on fluviometric quota of the Tocantins River and number of buildings affected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias prevencionistas à doenças causadas em locais de riscos em período chuvoso em Limoeiro do Ajuru – Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-15) OLIVEIRA, Jackline Leite de; SILVA, Maria de Fátima Vilhena da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0996110060293347
The natural disasters can cause public calamity on the grounds of the flooding areas associated with rainfall indexes, which cause diseases and health problems in a certain population in the city of Limoeiro do Ajuru. The objective of this research is to contribute to the risk management and minimization of diseases prevailing during the rainy season in the city of Limoeiro do Ajuru. The research used the methodology of quantitative and qualitative analysis, rainfall data from 2007 to 2017 of the station Joana Coeli, on the website of the Agência Nacional de Águas (National Water Agency), clinical data of the Municipal Hospital of Limoeiro do Ajuru, data from the Sistema Estadual de Saúde Pública (State Public Health System), in addition to the semistructured interviews that helped to outline the social, economic and acculturation profile of the target public, these data were tabulated in a spreadsheet. The results obtained in the ten years, 2007 to 2017, revealed the pluviometric behavior associated to the prevalence diseases indexes: acute diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, which correlate the research areas with flood spots in the streets: Nova 4, Juscelino Kubitschek, and Umarizal, these being selected by the addresses of the demands affected with the diseases that were attended in the Urgency and Emergency of the city. The research had the following conclusions: It was found a correlation between rainfall indices between acute diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections, and floods and the sociodemographic profile of the target population, revealing the need for education and health investments, as well as sanitation in the areas. To partially comprehend this issue, the need to create a booklet that points out preventive measures and that can minimize prevailing diseases emerged in this research. The release of the booklet will be the responsibility of the Conselho Municipal de Saúde (Municipal Health Council) to other social sectors and populations subject to the problem of flooding in the city Limoeiro do Ajuru.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de perdas econômicas geradas pela erosão em ambiente praiano: caso da praia de Ajuruteua – Bragança/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) RODRIGUES, Hygson da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The beach of Ajuruteua-PA, 36 km from the municipality seat of Bragança-Pará, has undergone constant morphological transformations due to the process of marine erosion. Such erosions have been causing disasters during periods of full tide (equinox and syzygy). In addition, the lack of planning in the management of the use and occupation of the territory caused several environmental consequences and the quality of life of the population. The objective of this work was to estimate the economic losses directly and indirectly generated by water erosion, through the Cost of Replacement Method (MVCR), and to contribute to the actions of civil defense in dealing with natural disasters. It also aims to collaborate with the planning and actions of public policies in order to avoid further harm to the population at risk, as well as to propose improvements for environmental management, the issue of territorial reordering and the social confrontation related to natural disasters. A questionnaire and checklist applied to a random sample of housing units can assess the costs of losses and damages caused by the phenomenon, as well as the application of the MVRC to analyze the losses for recovery / reconstruction or the total loss of the property without the recovery of the damage. The results indicate that there are many attempts to contain erosion along the coastline of Ajuruteua Beach, but these do not provide definitive solutions to the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider measures that reduce the exposure to the risk of facing disasters and prevent losses or high costs with the recovery, reconstruction or reallocation of properties and families that are resident in the region. The average Replacement Cost (CR) of the 81 buildings located in the tidal range, considering the average Internal Unit Cost (CUi) of R$ 34.708,76 and the Average External Unit Cost (CUe) of R$ 43.388,63; was R$ 6.325.889,40. Indicating that socioeconomic losses can be significant, and should be rethought in the direction of the management of coastal space.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índice de impactos de desastres: critérios para a declaração e reconhecimento de situação de anormalidade.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-26) FREITAS, Bruno Pinto; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The study proposed to parameterize the impacts of disasters caused by floods, which partially or substantially compromise the local government's response capacity, assisting protection technicians and civil defense, in their field activities, to support the processes of recognition emergency situation (SE) and the state of public calamity (ECP), as well as managers and analysts to make decisions through objective data that, related to each other, can express mathematically impact of the event. Normative Instruction nº 002 / MI does not clearly and objectively state the criteria for decreasing and recognizing abnormality situations. The equation known as the Disaster Impact Indicator is derived from the variables adopted from the congregation and mathematical and statistical artifacts, from consolidated data related to Disaster and Risk Management, such as quantitative human damages, material damages, economic losses, in addition to rates of precipitation and vulnerability, as well as the capacity of confrontation of the local public power. In the State of Pará hydrological disasters correspond to 80% of the occurrences of these 30% are the floods, affecting more than 50 thousand people in 26 years of records, occurring mainly in the period known as Amazonian winter. The city of Monte Alegre / PA was the most affected, with 5 flood records only in the last 3 years, 2 of which were recognized due to an emergency situation. The proposed equation serves as a substrate for the creation of regulations, which deal with criteria for recognition of local response capacity impairment, which will standardize actions in damage and loss assessments, and may be implemented at the national level, for flood disasters, using the relative attributes in each variable, according to the reality of each State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência de elementos meteorológicos na percepção de risco e nas condições de insegurança da população local: incêndios residenciais em área de aglomerado subnormal no bairro do Jurunas, cidade de Belém – Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-29) VILACORTA, Arthur Arteaga Durans; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; SILVA JÚNIOR, João de Athaydes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2150400764733967
Brazil has witnessed a population growth that, together with the disorderly urban density, culminated in the increase of subnormal clusters in the last decades. Such locations present considerable vulnerability to dangerous events, especially fires. The present study analyzed statistical data on fires in residential buildings and green areas served by the Pará Military Fire Brigade in the city of Belém, between 2008 and 2016, relating them to meteorological elements, establishing a causal link between such aspects. In addition, questionnaires were applied to a sample of residents living in the precarious settlement area entitled Baixadas da Estrada Nova Jurunas in order to analyze the influence of climatological factors on the behavior of the population and to assess their level of perception of fire risk. As a final research product, two fire risk maps were proposed in residence for the subnormal cluster, one for the rainy season and one for the less rainy season. These maps were conceived through the establishment of a risk classification methodology (Arteaga-Athaydes index), based on georeferenced data of the location of the structural fires already occurring in the area, number of households, number of inhabitants, reliability conditions of the network facilities of electricity distribution of the dwellings and influence of the climate. It was concluded that the majority of fires in green areas and housing units in the city of Belém occurred in the least rainy season (June to November), due to the proven influence of meteorological conditions on the behavior of the sample studied, making them adopt inadequate arrangements that go against fire safety. As for the level of risk perception of the population sample that lives in the subnormal cluster studied, this condition is worrisome, since half of those interviewed do not believe that a loss could occur in their house and the vast majority never received any training or orientation to avoid accidents and does not even know the emergency number to fire the Military Fire Department in case of fire.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fundo público: o FUNPDEC no estado do Pará, como ferramenta de transformação da gestão de riscos e desastres – GRD em política pública
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-08) SILVA, William Rogério Souza da; RIVERO, Sérgio Luiz de Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6692406360344209
The proposal of this research is to suggest that the State Fund for Protection and Civil Defense – SFUNDPCDE, if created, ensure the implementation of public policies that can promote the full development of Risk and Disaster Management (DRM) in the State of Pará. The DRM is a social component that is based on planning, organization, direction and control, aiming to monitoring extreme weather behavior, risk reduction actions, disaster management and recovery of areas affected by adverse events (USAID / OFDA LAC 2013). As an issue of social demand emanated from the public interest, it could ensure instruments and control of its execution - MP, BGL and ABL. The SFUNDPCDE would become a contingency tool for the State, during adverse events happened periodically which can affect directly the execution of public programs, economy, health, safety and so one. The methods of research used were bibliographical survey and documentary analyses which after massive comparison among legislation dealing with the same subjective, scrutinizing the necessary elements to turn into feasible, through competency-checking within state in legislate, of analyses in how it could be the fund management and its ways of generate revenues. The conclusion of this research is intended to show the importance that the implementation of the fund in Pará would promote, for example projecting the government agenda a as public policy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de vulnerabilidade, risco socioambiental e educação ambiental para prevenção e mitigação de desastre natural na bacia hidrográfica do Tucunduba, Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-16) SILVA JÚNIOR, Antônio Rodrigues da; SILVA, Marilena Loureiro da; lattes.cnpq.br/7261982145077537
The present research aimed to analyze the hidroclimatics phenomena that cause natural disasters, flood-related, and flooding in the catchment area of the Tucunduba-BHT, specifically in the neighborhood Montese, Belém-PA and its interfaces with the physical geomorphological factors of ground and with human actions, which leverage the magnitude of these disasters. This research presents still environmental education as a management tool, not only from its reductionist vision, restricted to human action of depositing waste in inappropriate places, but most of all, from a systemic, interdisciplinary and critic discussion that problematize the complex relations involving environmental issues in its multiple aspects, in addition to the bureaucratic formalism, and build new rational cultures that make it possible to develop actions of transformations and emancipations that actually contribute to the social well-being. For that, were performed several field research that sought to identify the vulnerability and designing environmental education of the population resident in the neighborhood Montese, to draw the profile of the resident of that neighborhood, to identify points of flood and flooding and the actions of the organs legally responsible for the management of risks and natural disasters. Therefore, it was concluded that the cases of flooding in Montese neighborhood will continue to occur, given the physical characteristics of the land and the high rainfall in the region, but, above all, by the absence or ineffectiveness of integrated territorial planning focused on the specificity of the local population public policy, the need for continuous and permanent programs and actions of environmental education in the community, with the purpose of providing environmental rationality and/or awareness that transforms the human being and your space lived, as well as by the precariousness of basic constitutional rights of the citizen.