Prevalência da co-infecção por Leishmania sp. em pacientes portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos pelo Programa Municipal de DST/AIDS no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA

Abstract

The co-infection with Leishmania-HIV-AIDS is a serious public health problem in most of the world. However, cases of coinfection remain underestimated, since leishmaniasis is not AIDS-defining illness. It was conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 2011 to February 2012, with the objective to investigate the prevalence of co-infection HIV/Leishmania in patients enrolled in the cityprogram STD/AIDS in the Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Imperatriz-MA. The study population consisted of 199 individuals. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire to obtain demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological data, and it was also performed tests through collection of biological material (blood) of all patients for detection of infection with Leishmania sp., through laboratory tests (CD4 and CD8 counting) and PCR research. Among the patients it was observed similarity between the frequency of gender, 49.2% male and 50.8% female, with an average age of 40 years. It was observed that 61.8% have a low level of education and 69.3% have an income of up to minimum wage. 2.01% (4/199) of patients analyzed presented coinfection Leishmania/HIV. From these, 3 showed mixed infection with Leishmania (V.) sp and Leishmania (L.) amazonensis causing ATL, and one patient infected by Leishmania (L.) chagasi, causing VL. Comparing the risk factors, comorbidities and complications among patients analyzed it was observed that malaria was the only factor that proved significant at around 10.05%. This was the first study that investigates the Leishmania HIV coinfection in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão and identification of coinfected patients was of fundamental importance to the service as from which will be able to then follow up these patients. This study provided the magnitude of the prevalence of co-infection Leishmania/HIV. Thus, we suggest that the anti-Leishmania test is performed on all subjects with HIV/AIDS, and are incremented public policies for this problem.