Dissertações em História (Mestrado) - PPHIST/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4190

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História (PPHIST) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“O mau exemplo vem de cima”: a corrupção nas eleições da província do Grão-Pará (1870-1881)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-27) LEITE, Gisele Mendes Camarço; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299
The dissertation discusses corruption in the elections in the Province of Grão-Pará, in relation to the functioning of the electoral process in Brazil, highlighting how fraud occurred in the system. The work seeks to understand corruption in the political, social and economic context of the seventies and eighties of the 19th centuries, showing how the intense political-party disputes intensified debates and accusations. The aim is to contextualize the process of corruption within the electoral system and, according to the situation experienced in the years 1870-1881, within the Empire and the province, showing the existence of fraud and irregularities, as well as how nineteenth-century man viewed these acts and acted in the face of them, which required an analysis of the legislation in force and the Political Constitution of the Empire, with necessary considerations on citizenship, education and inequality. The methodology adopted was based on empirical research into newspapers, letters and reports by provincial presidents within the time frame of the work, located in the National Library, the National Library's Digital Hemeroteca, the Arthur Viana Library, as well as the University of Chicago's website, where the presidents' reports are digitized, in order to find information on political and governmental corruption. After analyzing and processing the sources collected, the discussion was synthesized, focusing on the electoral field, given the number of documents collected on corruption and fraud in elections. In this way, the aim of the study was achieved, which was to debate corruption in the electoral process, within the selected time frame, contextualizing the analysis with current social, political and economic issues, revealing a broader and more detailed understanding of Brazilian democracy and the political history of the province.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Por rios e terras: a atuação dos comerciantes estrangeiros no comércio do Baixo Amazonas (c.1838-c.1870)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-28) MESQUITA, Joanderson Caldeira; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730
The Province of Pará underwent significant transformations between 1838 and 1870. The 19th century was marked by attempts to control labor and commercial activities in the province. The commercial dynamics between the lower Amazon and the city of Belém favored the involvement of many foreign traders. The period is also characterized by attempts by authorities to diminish the privileges of foreign traders and increase provincial revenue. Authorities also tried to control illegal trade to prevent traders from dealing with cabanos and mocambeiros, which affected foreign traders whose workers were involved in negotiations with mocambeiros, although this control was not exclusive to foreigners. To minimize attempts to control illegal trade, the portuguese José Pinto de Campos and Antônio Caetano Maciel established relationships with the Caetano Correia Family. In this dissertation, we seek to evaluate the actions of foreign traders Joaquim José Cohen, Francisco Caetano Correia, José Pinto de Campos, Antônio Caetano Maciel, John Hislop, and João Fernandes in the lower Amazon. Our analysis is marked by the reopening period of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Pará and the stage that precedes the extraordinary demands for rubber in the international market, which occurred in the 1870s. For the research, criminal records, civil records, reports from the Province of Pará, travelers reports and newspapers were analyzed. We conclude that the foreign traders who migrated and operated in the commerce of the lower Amazon region conducted business with Belém, Santarém, and, in the case of Jonh Hislop, with Mato Grosso, establishing relationships with the local elite, some of whom were also formed by foreign individuals and families, or their descendants, who had been settled in the province for a longer time. These traders ascended in the social hierarchy of the region, and much of their business involved illegality and trade with mocambeiros, freedmen, free people and cabanos, resulting in a tense relationship with authorities who created restrictive measures to control trade in the region to combat illegal trade and the influence of foreigners, particularly those who did not originate from nations that had friendship treaties with Brazil, excluding the Portuguese.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O caso de Klaus Keller: homossexualidades, narrativas populares e morte pela imprensa paraense (Belém-Pará, 1983-1990)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-30) BRITO NETO, Pedro Antonio de; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730
In 1983, in the city of Belém-PA, the death of a homosexual known as Klaus Keller took over the pages of the Pará press, a death that would be revisited throughout the 80s. This narrative would be exposed in the pages of newspapers during the period of the "second wave" of the Brazilian homosexual movement and in the context of the process of re-democratization of the Brazilian state, after the Civil-Military Dictatorship (1964-1985). This led to a more critical press, with judgments condemning the actions of the police in the case, as well as explicit judgments about the victim's sexuality. However, on the other hand, there was a demand for the case to be solved, considering that Klaus was a homosexual of explicit sexuality and well-known in Belém. The Província do Pará, O Liberal and Diário do Pará were the main press outlets in Pará that wrote his story. In order to understand this publication, I used the concepts of popular and/or sensationalist press, both to understand the ways in which they disseminated news and the way in which they sold it. In addition, it was noted that this story could lead to a debate on bio-politics and necropolitics, considering state control and micro-powers over the sexual and racial identities present in the narratives. That said, this dissertation started from the present by traveling to the past, and found similar ends there. In other words, the deaths of homosexuals in the present turned out to be similar. In other words, the deaths of homosexuals in the present were similar to those in the past. In this work with press sources, it was found that the discourse has changed little, and the murders as well.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O mundo do trabalho colonial e a construção da fortaleza de São José de Macapá (1760-1775)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) RAIOL JUNIOR, Leonardo; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0770998951374481
In this study, we aim to analyze the world of labor in the colonial Amazon, focusing on the labor force employed in the construction of the fortification of Macapá, between 1760 and 1775. This place, strategically located between the Cabo do Norte region and the delta of the Amazon River, needed to be garrisoned from the second half of the 18th century onwards. During this period, the reforms enacted by the Portuguese Crown, at the instance of the royal secretary Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, were implemented in the Amazon valley. Among the various subjects involved in the works in Macapá, we focus on indigenous and African laborers, essential for the execution of the works. With a focus on everyday life and the working conditions of these men and women employed at the construction sites, our analysis starts with the History seen from below associated with Agnes Heller’s ideas of everyday life and Hannah Arendt’s conception of active life. As for the sources, we resorted to documents available at the Public Archive of the State of Pará and the Overseas Historical Archive (Resgate Project). Both collections fostered the understanding of the context of the object of study, through the survey and crossing of data, contained in the lines and between the lines of the papers. In the end, we find that the construction of the Fort of Macapá encompassed a wide network of villages, cities and hamlets, from where a large part of the workforce used in the construction sites came from. There, a complex network of social relationships was engendered through the multiple forms of coexistence and interaction of these subjects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Masculinidades em Belém do Grão-Pará de Dalcídio Jurandir, um olhar caleidoscópico: História e Literatura (1920-1950)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-06) SOUZA, Felipe Gustavo Pedrosa; GUZMÁN, Décio Marco Antônio de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0656841754619406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-4404
The purpose of this research is to investigate the masculinities presented by the Para writer Dalcídio Jurandir in his novel Belém do Grão-Pará and the elements that make it up, identifying a plurality that offers support for establishing a concept of masculinity based on the problems raised by the American philosopher Judith Butler. Transitioning between the 1920s, in which the work is set, and the 1950s, in which the writer constructs his work, the aim is to identify aspects present in the time in which the writer lived and the context in which he chose to establish his writing. In the meantime, the research establishes a comparison between the literary work Belém do Grão-Pará and other historical sources, with a predominance of printed sources, the newspapers that circulated in the Pará press in 1950.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre atos: o intermezzo do ensino musical durante a extinção do Instituto Carlos Gomes em Belém (1908-1929)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-01-31) SOUZA, Milena Moraes de Araújo e; COSTA, Antonio Maurício Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2563255308649361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9264
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the historical trajectory of the Carlos Gomes Institute, with an emphasis on its continuity and reinterpretation during the period of its interruption, between 1908 and 1929, called by Jonas Arraes as an "intermezzo" period, and its reestablishment in 1929. To this end, it was necessary to survey documentary sources, such as newspapers, magazines, concert programs, photographs, and others. As a theoretical framework, we sought the studies of Pierre Bourdieu and Raymond Williams to understand the relationships involved in the reopening process. The study begins with an analysis of the historical context that led to the closure of the ICG, a symbol of high-quality music education that was interrupted due to economic and political factors, such as the rubber crisis and changes in government administrations. We then investigate how musicians, teachers, and students found alternatives to continue music education and promote culture through the creation of new spaces and initiatives. Finally, this research sought to examine how Antonia Rocha de Castro's music school, together with the alignment between musicians and political figures, enabled the "rebirth" of the Institute.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Honrarias e mercadorias: os principais indígenas e a formação de alianças na vila de Barcelos (1755-1765)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-26) BORGES, Ricardo dos Santos; GUZMÁN, Décio Marco Antônio de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0656841754619406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-4404
The honors and the merchandises defined the way in which the relations of alliances between the main indigenous people and the Portuguese were configured in the Rio Negro during the second half of the eighteenth century, a period in which the region underwent profound changes as a result of the Pombaline reforms and the geopolitical conflicts on the borders of the Northwest Amazon. In view of this, the present dissertation aims to analyze the role of the concessions of honors and the negotiations of goods in the formation of alliances with the main indigenous people in the village of Barcelos, between 1755 and 1765. Through the analysis of the official documentation and the specialized bibliography, we sought to verify how the advances of the urban projects that aimed to reform the entire urban network of the territory of the village of Mariuá to consolidate it into the village of Barcelos and capital of the Captaincy of São José do Rio Negro, led the Principals to become the primary agents in the intermediation of the descents and the control of the indigenous labor exploited in this work front, which led the Portuguese to use honorific titles and colonial objects again as essential strategies in establishing alliances with such authority figures. In the wake of this process, we sought to ascertain the role of the granting of honors in the maintenance of indigenous alliances and the performance of colonial leaders, under the honorific title of Principal, in administrative and military functions and in the management of indigenous labor within the colonial space of Barcelos, as well as in independent trade relations. Then, we also analyzed the bargaining of merchandises that aimed to conquer the alliances of the Principals considered influential among the natives they led and indispensable in the middle of the descents to the village. The hypothesis that is intended to be based in this work is that the concessions of honors and the negotiations of merchandises, basic in the formation of alliances with the Principals from the Portuguese perspective, strengthened the political authority of these native leaders both in the colonial village of Barcelos and in the indigenous world located on the Rio Negro.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Empório dos gêneros do sertão e do comércio”: elite proprietária e trabalho indígena no Baixo Amazonas em finais do século XVIII e início do XIX (1780-1810)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-19) MCDANIEL, Alice Maria Teixeira; CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7906172621582952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5912
This dissertation aims to investigate the economic and strategic importance of the Baixo Amazonas, a region belonging to the State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro, specifically in the Captaincy of Pará, through the analysis of the landowning elite and indigenous labor, between the years of 1780 and 1810. The research focuses on the formation of a colonial “elite” that emerged in the Lower Amazon from the mid-18th century, strengthened by the rise of Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo and the Pombaline reforms. These reforms, along with the regulation of indigenous labor through the “Diretório dos Índios” (Indian Directorate), reconfigured policies regarding the use of indigenous labor, which had a significant impact on the collection of the “drogas do sertão” (hinterland drugs) and agriculture. Through the analysis of period documents, the dissertation seeks to highlight the participation of these two groups and their contribution to the economy of the “drogas do sertão” and to the agriculture of the Lower Amazon region at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As faces do sindicalismo cutista no Pará: a trajetória e os embates internos da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) (1980-1990)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-12) SOUZA, Caio de Lucas Oliveira; PETIT, Pere; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8376409779394321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3073
This dissertation discusses aspects of the Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) in Pará and its trajectory. Additionally, it analyzes the actions of different union segments through documentary research in periodicals such as Resistência, as well as institutional documentation from the CUT itself and accounts from unionists which were involved during its state-building process. The moment when the CUT was founded was characterized as one of the driving forces behind its formation, given the political “ardent” that emerged at the time, along with the formulation of new ideas, such as the advent of the new unionism, which was equally unique in this context. The period studied has been targeted from the late 1970s, through the 1980s until the 1990s. Thus, the dissertation has looked for analyzing the action, performance, and strategies from different political union which existed before and after the foundation of the CUT, giving emphasis on the clashes of it in the central.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O dedilhar folclórico de uma alma gentil: música, folclore e negritude na obra de Gentil Puget (1938-1948)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-28) SOARES, Ariel Silva; COSTA, Antonio Maurício Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2563255308649361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9264
This production sought to show, through the trajectory of an artist and intellectual from Pará, the national scene of studies of popular culture between the years 1938-1948. Through Gentil Puget and his approach to the themes of folklore, folk music and blackness, a period of national history concerned with the formation of national identity was analyzed. To this end, periodicals were selected that mention his activity in radio programs, his chronicles in newspapers and interviews. We seek to understand how this musician's production helped to build a discourse of national unity in the Vargas regime, on the one hand, while, on the other hand, he assumed an activism dedicated to folklore and the black cause that clashed with the hegemonic project of cultural policies at the time. We aim to analyze how Puget's intellectual construction was developed in his production and how his personal life interfered in his work. We also work with the connections that the folklorist established for his political-ideological positioning in defense of black demonstrations, both in Belém, with Bruno de Menezes and Dalcídio Jurandir, and in the Federal Capital, Rio de Janeiro, with Abdias Nascimento and Abigail Bastos.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Equilíbrio precário”: corpo, gênero e família em Bragança/Pará (1916-1940)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-20) CAMPOS, Alessandra Patricia de Oliveira Dias; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730
This work aims to analyze how representations, practices and values were woven to the female body in Bragantina society between the years 1916 and 1940. In this sense, the problem was based on the view that the various characters involved in sexual crimes were women who with their experiences posed dangers to the balance of hegemonic family and social relations and Therefore, they should be watched so that they do not use their body as a place of exercise of power. To this end, the analysis started from the cross-study of discourses present in sixty-three judicial cases, nine medical and legal works, the Penal Codes of 1890 and 1940, the Civil Code of 1916, the Code of Postures of Bragança, in addition to the periodicals Cidade de Bragança, O Cidadão and Revista Bragança Ilustrada, which circulated in the proposed period. The sources allowed access to daily life, to loving relationships, to the various values that residents of the Bragantina region and representatives of the legal elaborated on body, sexuality, family, honor, morality, work and leisure, for example. Based on values such as work, family, honor and morality, the investigations showed that the bodies, behaviors, habits, interests and desires of women became the core of the concerns of the state, society and men when the subjects were morality, sexuality and appropriate family constitution. However, despite the surveillance, control and restrictions that women were subjugated in the period studied, many were not willing to conform their bodies, their interests and needs to the moralizing and disciplinary discourses that intended to imprison them.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A quimera das línguas: o problema da tradução linguística em um manuscrito em manao do setecentos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-25) SERRÃO, Eloan Gabriel Ribeiro; BARROS, Maria Candida Drumond Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1026942131180068; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-0786-2143; GUZMÁN, Décio Marco Antônio de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0656841754619406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-4404
This dissertation seeks to examine the anonymous manuscript written by a missionary of the Society of Jesus and a bilingual Manao interpreter. This text is the Caderno da Doutrina pella Lingoa dos Manaos. It is a religious document formatted in questions and answers and written in three languages (manao, tupi and portuguese). It was produced under the Indian Directory in the mid-18th century. The Directory consisted of a document listing the rules on how to proceed, among other matters, regarding the education and freedom of the Indians. Because of its legal nature, the Pombaline Directory prohibited any manifestations of the use of indigenous languages in favor of the portuguese language. Based on these elements, we sought to understand the circumstances that led to the Directory being promulgated. In addition, the Manao ethnic group was one of the most powerful indigenous groups that dominated the Middle Rio Negro region. They belonged to the Arawak linguistic trunk, which was used to characterize this linguistic family. The power and population of the Manaos were gradually suppressed from the first decades of the 18th century in the midst of conflict with the Portuguese administration. The Caderno manao was the main object of the research and the linguistic analysis of the question and answer turns was carried out to see how the dialog between the two authors of the Caderno manao takes place. Thus, we sought to verify how the intersection between the three languages occurs; how the essential Christian concepts are manifested in the manuscript and there was a comparison with the lexical relations of the naturalist travelers: Carl von Martius and Johann Natterer in their expeditions during the 19th century, to find out if the main cosmological concepts of the Manao Dialogue found correspondence in these lists.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O avesso das expectativas: exploração dos recursos naturais e exclusão em Moatize, Província de Tete, Moçambique (2000 a 2015)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-31) MATEUS, Estone Bento Mifolo; BEZARRE NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821
The advancement of modern capitalism imposes new ways of facing the global and competitive Market, resulting from the growth of the industry, which demands raw material incessantly to feed this industry in a continuous line of progress. On the path of this unbridled race for the acquisition of raw material, the African continent becomes once again, the stage on which the games of capitalism interests take place, usually accompanied by a noisy silence and the apathy that has characterized African government, from the point of view of supervision and lag of collective interests, Africa has been the preferred place. In this context, Mozambique did not escape the rule, because of the existing coal deposits in the coal basin of Moatize; there is a growing flow of large companies interested in the exploitation of mineral coal. Faced with this meeting between two completely different realities, on the one hand the multinationals with extensive experience in the exploitation of resources and, on the other a technical and, a State, whose institutions are weak and without a technical capacity necessary to supervise enterprises of such magnitude, allied to a population without experience in these situation, resulting in a clash of very different realities. The companies taking advantage of the weaknesses presented, exempt themselves from corporate social responsibility, on the other hand, the new rich equip the State for personal or group benefits, installing a permanent conflict between the local populations claiming their legitimate rights and the extractive companies eager for profits, applying for the effect “Machiavellian” principles, in which the ends justify the means. This process results in exclusion in its various typologies, from environmental exclusion, social and economic exclusion. The marked level of social exclusion refers to the thought that the project may not be socially fair or environmentally sustainable, because the Mozambican political economy is essentially extractive and generating exclusion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Veias de spray: o movimento artístico do graffiti em Belém do Pará (1980-1999)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-04) CONCEIÇÃO, Edvan da Silva; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231
As we walk around the city every day, multiple stimuli are heard and felt. These stimuli can be present in different ways, whether through sounds, noises or visually through records of human presence in this space. Graffiti becomes one of these stimuli, which are consumed daily by the various individuals who create the urban landscape of a city in their social interactions. Bearing in mind the importance and constant presence of graffiti and pixação in the urban scene of Belém, the question was: do these movements constitute sociocultural products, which contributed to the individual and collective identity formation of certain groups, reflecting on the social dynamics of domination of spaces in the urban scenario of the city of Belém, during the 1980s and 1990s? This research was developed through three movements, bibliographical and source research, interviews and finally, the writing of this dissertation, which is divided into three parts, the first two are subdivided into topics which contextualized the theme in question, the last part, presents the position of the researcher. Therefore, we emphasize that the movement analyzed in this research falls within the field of urban art, integrating itself into the landscape of a city, exposing existences and tensions present in the social fabric.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ciência, nação e região na Era Vargas: o caso do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (1930-1945)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-27) LEAL, Diego Rodrigo Guimarães; GUZMÁN, Décio Marco Antônio de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0656841754619406; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-3219-4404; SANJAD, Nelson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110037947248805; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-1185
This dissertation is situated at the interface of environmental history and the History of Science and proposes to the relationship between science and politics between 1930 and 1945, a period known as the Vargas Era. The period is characterid by historiography as rupture in the political, administrative, social and economic sphere of the Brazilian state, in relation to the balance of force and the partten of development the so-called First Republic. This change was reflected in the cultural esphere and had consequences for the institucionalization of the Sciences and the configuration of a Brazilian heritage field. This process will be analyzed in the state of Pará through a case study, particularly the scientific work of Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira at the head of the Emilio Goeldi Museum, where he served as director for amost 15 years, since he was invited by the federal Magalhães Barata, 1930. In this context, the state of Pará was going through a serious financial crisis, as the rubber economic had collapsed since the 1910, and public instituicions, with few resources at their disposal, began to face numerous problems. The aim is therefore to understand the institutional adopted Carlos Estêvão de Oliveira during his time in office, what the scientific agenda built up during this period and how the institution was transformed into a centralizing and nacionalist political enviroment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Minha divina Santa Bárbara, mãe, venha ver seu mundo": as memórias do Babassuê e do Batuque de Santa Bárbara nos terreiros da Pedreira em Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-29) CARVALHO, Juliana dos Santos; COSTA, Antonio Maurício Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2563255308649361; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-9264
This master's thesis aims to analyze the memory productions of the Babassuê and Batuques de Santa Bárbara performed by Afro-religious practitioners during the celebration of Santa Bárbara’s day in the terreiro of the Pedreira neighborhood in Belém do Pará. The research starts in 1938, using the records from the Folkloric Research Mission regarding the work of Satiro Ferreira de Barros, as well as the traces related to his brother Pedro Paulo Vilhena, known as Pedro Satyro. The career of these two Afro-religious figures from Pedreira marks the beginning of the Babassuê memory thread. The investigation concludes in the present time, with ethnographies conducted at the Terreiro de Mina Nagô Santa Bárbara in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The central question is to understand the importance of the deity Santa Bárbara and the spirit Maria Bárbara Soeira within the Afro-religious calendar, considered by Afro-religious practitioners as the patroness of Mina Nagô. Additionally, it reflects on the meanings of memory as observed through the generations of the saint’s followers, who are key figures in the identity construction of Pedreira, a neighborhood known for its “samba and love” and Afro-religiosity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Por trás dos objetos históricos: a presença dos artífices indígenas nas oficinas do Colégio de Santo Alexandre (1703-1759)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-26) SILVA, Jessica Santos; GUZMÁN, Décio Marco Antônio de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0656841754619406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-4404
Inaugurated in 1719, the Church of Santo Alexandre, located in the historic part of Belém, is one of the most beautiful examples of missionary art made by the religious of the Society of Jesus in the Amazon. Founded by the sculptor brother João Xavier Traer, the sculpture workshop of the College of the same name was responsible for producing the pieces that adorn the church, with indigenous craftsmen as the main workforce. Among the carvings is that of the Chapel of St. Michael the Archangel. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the carved face in the Chapel of St. Michael the Archangel and find out who were the indigenous artisans who took part in the College's sculpture workshop and who were the possible authors of the chapel's altarpiece. During this production, in addition to labor, the indigenous craftsmen's knowledge of the products of the land (wood, resins and pigments) was used, as well as the usual tools used to make the pieces of their culture. However, even with the application of these materials and techniques, the pieces produced belong to the imagery of Catholicism, classifying them as a mestizo art, with knowledge from different cultures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidadania negra, triolets e imprensa: a destemida trajetória de João da Cruz contra o racismo e sua luta por reconhecimento e igualdade (Maranhão-Pará, 1864-1887)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-13) LIMA, Helder Lameira de; BEZERRA NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299
This dissertation investigates the life of João Francisco da Cruz, a Black intellectual from the late 19th century, whose trajectory in Pará reveals the complexities of the struggles for citizenship in a society marked by slavery. Focusing on the intersection between his personal narrative and the racial tensions of the time, the study analyzes the role of the press, especially the newspaper Diário de Notícias, in constructing racial representations and ideological battles surrounding the abolition of slavery. In Pará, in the “Solicitados” section of Diário de Notícias, we found triolets that referred to “monkey”, “nigger”, “carafuz” (mulatto person), and “the most petulant Black man”, João da Cruz, used to satirize, mock, and discriminate against men of color. The research identified 102 triolets, 2 steam romances, 1 epigram, 1 sonnet, 2 short poems, 5 riddles, and 1 fable, all involving João da Cruz, between December 1882 and March 1883, reappearing between May and September 1885. From these triolets and other notes about João da Cruz, various related news articles were found, deepening the understanding of his figure. This research aims not only to map João da Cruz's achievements but also to uncover the obstacles faced by Afro-descendants in their quest for recognition and equality. By exploring notarial and periodical sources, the study highlights the strategies of overcoming adopted by João da Cruz and other Afro-descendants in a context of inequality and racial prejudice, contributing to a broader understanding of the history of Afro-descendants in Brazil and their legacies in contemporary society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Laços e rimas: mulher e casamento na literatura de cordel (Belém 1914-1949)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-29) ARAÚJO, Rayane Freitas; CAMPOS, Ipojucan Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0380400211532063
The dissertation presents discussions about female representations in cordel in Belém do Pará during the first half of the 20th century. More specifically in the leaflets of Editora Guajarina, which operated in the capital of Belém between 1914 and 1949. In this sense, the work seeks to analyze how women are portrayed in the cordelistas' narratives, considering the historical, social and cultural context of the time. The research investigates whether the representations reinforce traditional gender stereotypes or whether, in some way, they offer more complex and diverse views of female experiences. It is evident that the cordel literature in question contributes to perpetuating gender stereotypes, but also offers clues to resistance and ongoing changes. This duality reinforces the relevance of studying female representations in the leaflet, both to understand the history of women and to question and deconstruct prejudices in the present. Therefore, the study examines the influence of these narratives on the construction of collective imaginaries about the role of women in Amazonian and Pará society in the period in question, but also demonstrates the importance of such themes in the present.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vida e morte escrava: um estudo sobre a mortalidade cativa na Belém oitocentista (1850-1859)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-13) SILVA, Mayara Cristine Mendonça da; BEZERRA NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821
The study of health and disease is of great importance to the history of humanity, as it is closely linked to the social, economic, political, cultural and even religious context, with meanings that go beyond their biological characteristics. This study aims to analyze captive mortality in nineteenth-century Belém, based on a survey of the main causes of this mortality in the enslaved population between 1850 and 1859, a period when three epidemics occurred in the province of Pará. The aim is to identify mortality patterns among free and slave slaves, analyze the daily health of these slaves, the spread of certain diseases that ravaged the province, the reasons for their greater exposure to these diseases, and determine whether there was any public policy or initiative on the part of the masters to treat their illnesses, given that slaves constituted the main labor force. The sources used will be the burial records of the Nossa Senhora da Soledade Cemetery, reports and speeches by the presidents of the province of Pará, the work Epidemias no Pará by Arthur Vianna, the collection of laws from the period and newspaper advertisements.