Dissertações em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (Mestrado) - PPGEAP/NEAP

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3479

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou em 2007 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca (PPGEAP) do Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis JACQ.) na integridade física e nas assembleias de peixes de igarapés da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) FERREIRA, Márcio Cunha; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of palm oil farming Elaeis guineenses JACQ. in the integrity of physical habitat and in the assemblages of fishes in upland streams of Eastern Amazonia. The sampling sites were established in sections (150 m) of 23 streams in the Acará-Mirim basin, northeastern of Pará state. According to the results of the index of physical integrity, all streams (n = 8) that drain forest areas were classified as preserved (IPI = 5.00 to 4.00), whereas the 15 streams that drain oil palm plantations have been classified as changed (IIF = 3.67 to 2.67). 9,734 specimens of fish belonging to six orders, 24 families, over 64 species were collected. The most abundant species during the study were Microcharacidium weitzmani, Apistogramma gr. regain, Trichomycterus hasemani, Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus and Copella arnoldi. The richness observed in streams that drain plantations was higher (S = 61) than found in the streams in forest fragments (S = 42). The results of PERMANOVA show that exist differences between sites (GL = 22; pseud – F = 2.44; P = 0.01), however the ordering produced by NMDS shows that this difference is subtle (stress = 0.19). a similar result was obtained using functional trophic groups abundance (stress = 0.18). the results of TITAN indicates that some species are adapted to persist in certain environmental conditions, such as Aequidens tetramerus, Apistogramma agassizii and Microcharacidium weitzmani are associated with lower physical habitat integrity (P < 0.05; purity > 0.95; reliability > 0.95), while the species Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus and Helogenes marmoratus shown to be indicative of more intact habitats (P < 0.05; purity > 0.95; reliability > 0.95). There was no correlation between the species richness and the index of physical integrity, while the only functional trophic groups that correlated with the index were the diggers and collectors browsers. These groups are composed by Cichlid fishes that have tolerant and generalist behaviors that may have explained his great contribution in the fish assemblage even in places where sedimentation was high compared to places with the nearest natural setting. This shows that even species richness was higher in altered streams there are strong evidences of loss of environmental quality in streams draining plantations generated by the cultivation of oil palm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do ambiente de nidificação sobre a taxa de eclosão, a duração da incubação e a determinação sexual em Podocnemis (Reptilia, Podocnemididae) no Tabuleiro do Embaubal rio Xingu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-14) CARNEIRO, Cristiane Costa; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
In turtles, the characteristics of the nesting environment have a strong influence on the incubation temperature of eggs and, consequently, on the reproductive success. The effects of the enviroment of nesting on the hatching rate, the duration of incubation and the sexual determination of the nestlings of Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemis unifilis and Podocnemis sextuberculata in the Embaubal nesting beach, Xingu River, Pará State, Brazil, in 2007, 2008 and 2010 were investigated. Nesting beaches were continuously visited between September and January, in order to monitoring nests marked in the first day after oviposition, in each reproductive season. The following features measured: day of spawning, depth to the first egg, The nest’s height in relation to the river level, granulometry and temperatures of inubation. The hatching rate differed between years for the three species. The duration f incubation varied only between years P. sextuberculata. The sex ratio of P. expansa in 2007 was 0.08 and in 2008 and 2010 all the nestlings were females. In P. sextuberculata sex ratio in 2007 was 0.34, and in 2008 and 2010 was 0.06. The sex ratio of P. unifilis in 2007 was 0.41, 0.65 in 2008 and 0.02 in 2010. All of these differences were significants statistically. The nest’s height in relation to the river level presented positive correlation with the hatching rate of the three species in 2008 and a negative relation with the hatching rate of P. sextuberculata in 2010. The number of days after the beginning of the spawnings influenced the duration of incubation of P. sextuberculata and P. unifilis in 2008. The average temperature, the number of hours/degree above of 32°C and the size of the sediment influenced the sex ratio of P. expansa. The results attest to the variation in hatching success, embryo development and sex ratio produced between years. Still, it was observed that the influence of microclimatic variables of the selected sites for nesting in nesting success and sex ratio varied between years, which is a clear evidence that climatic conditions plays a major role and causes changes in the parameters examined thorough a nesting season and between nesting seasons in subsequent years. It is recommended the continued monitoring of the related parameters in the main areas which is invest the protection the reproductive sites of turtles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia e ecologia do camarão dulcícola Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) no estuário Guajará, Pará, costa norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-29) CAVALCANTE, Danielle Viveiros; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
Macrobrachium surinamicum é uma espécie de camarão do Atlântico cuja biologia ainda é pouco conhecida. Na Amazônia ele é frequentemente capturado como fauna associada à M. amazonicum, espécie predominantemente dulcícola amplamente comercializada na região amazônica pela pesca artesanal, atendendo as necessidades alimentícias e econômicas da comunidade ribeirinha. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a distribuição espaço-temporal do camarão dulcícola M. surinamicum na Baía do Guajará e Ilha de Mosqueiro, correlacionando a abundância desta espécie com fatores abióticos (temperatura e salinidade) e, além disso, investigar a estrutura populacional, as principais relações biométricas e elucidar alguns aspectos da reprodução desta espécie, foram realizadas expedições mensais na Baía do Guajará e na Ilha de Mosqueiro de maio/2006 a abril/2007. As amostragens foram realizadas com utilização de armadilhas conhecidas localmente como matapis. Um total de 361 camarões foram capturados sendo a maior abundância em dezembro e a menor em julho de 2006. A maior captura foi na Ilha de Arapiranga e menor na Ilha de Mosqueiro. A abundância diferiu significativamente em dezembro/06 e nenhuma variável estudada teve influência significativa na abundância de M. surinamicum. Os machos foram maiores que as fêmeas e a proporção sexual total não diferiu significativamente do esperado de 1:1. A frequência de fêmeas e machos entre locais e meses foi maior em dois períodos do ano, denotando dois prováveis períodos de recrutamento: um maior de novembro a fevereiro e outro menor, de abril a maio. As relações entre o comprimento do cefalotórax (CC) e as demais variáveis indicaram crescimento alométrico positivo. A maturidade sexual de M. surinamicum ocorreu em tamanhos diferentes para fêmeas e machos, sendo que o tamanho médio da primeira maturação (L50) de fêmeas foi 5,47 mm de CC e de machos 8,85 mm, sendo 6,08 mm para os sexos agrupados. A combinação das maiores freqüências de estágios maturos, ovígeras e desovadas de fêmeas, com os picos de fator de condição relativos (Kr) indicam que as desovas são intermitentes, apresentando, no entanto, um pico desova em janeiro e fevereiro, coincidindo com a maior pluviosidade na região. A Baía do Guajará, especialmente os locais mais abrigados como a Ilha de Arapiranga e do Combu, propiciam o desenvolvimento de M. surinamicum, o que indica que esta espécie tenha preferência para áreas menos antropizadas, se mantendo no estuário tanto nas etapas juvenis quanto adulta, que todos os estádios de maturação gonadal foram encontrados o que torna a Baía de Guajará e a Ilha de Mosqueiro locais importantes para a conservação desse crustáceo.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Seletividade de captura, dinâmica populacional, análise de estoque e sustentabilidade da pesca de Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) a montante da barragem de Tucuruí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-23) MARTINS, Jeronimo Carvalho; CINTRA, Israel Hidenburgo Aniceto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6632466008150577; SARPEDONTI, Valérie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2358097649881792
Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) is one of the main species landed into the area of influence of Tucuruí Hydroelectric plant; however there is little information available about the fishery and biology of the species in the area. Therefore, this study aims to investigate spatial changes of H. unimaculatus, determine selectivity curves for the fishing nets used and calculate some parameters of population dynamics. The study area was located on Tucuruí’s dam, including the reservatory (flooded area) and up-river section. The samples were colected on a quaterly basis for the years 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2006, and semiannually in 2002 and 2004, in five areas located in the lake and two areas upstream, usinga battery of gillnets 50 m long and 3 m high, with a stretched mesh size of 40, 60, 80, 100 mm between opposing nodes. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean total length and weight of the specimens at a significance level of 5%, the spatio-temporal variation of the catch was determined by cluster analysis and the SIMPER; selectivity for network construction curves selection, and population aspects (growth, longevity, mortality, recruitment and yield per recruit) with the aid of the FISAT II. Results showed that females were bigger and heavier than males. During the first period (2001 – 2003) the study area was shared in spawning grounds and growth, while in the final period (2005-2007) there was no difference in the use of space. The mesh of 60 mm is the most suitable for fishing, considering the capture of 50% of adults. The sex ratio was 1.44:1 favorable to females (χ2 c = 28.86; p < 0.0001). Relations total weight / total length showed a positive correlation and did not differ between sexes (t = -0.097; p = 0.9229), with males and females exhibited isometric growth. The condition factor was not different between the sampling points, suggesting that the species uses the entire study area as a feeding zone. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 358 mm, k = 0.55 yr-1 and t0 = -0.15 year. The average total mortality and natural were 3.04 yr-1 and 0.7 yr-1, respectively. The exploitation rate was estimated at 0.77 and the yield per recruit showed that the rate of exploitation of the H. unimaculatus stock should be reduced by 52% to maintain the recruitment and spawning. So with all the information generated, it can be seen that change in the structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of H. unimaculatus is a process of continuous adaptation and appropriate fisheries management becomes essential for the preservation of the species. To reach this goal, it is necessary to review the current fisheries legislation, seeking an optimal mesh size for catching the species, decrease the rate of exploitation and regularly monitor the selectivity and population parameters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da alteração do hábitat sobre assembleias de peixes em igarapés afogados da Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-26) SOUSA, Híngara Leão; FERREIRA, Cristiane de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7804816854015308; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The natural aquatic ecosystems are complex systems that are exposed to a variety of disturbances. In the Amazon region, for instance, land use and occupation have altered the physical structure of aquatic environments, especially regarding the small streams, influencing their communit structure and composition. This has led to research development and evaluation programs to see how the changes that are occurring in these environments affect biotic communities, through habitat characteristics that are more sensitive to disturbance. Thus, this study aimed to describe and measure physical attributes of drowned out streams and evaluate how fish assemblages respond to different levels of streams physical integrity. Our hypothesis is that structurally intact environments endure a more diverse ichthyofauna than altered environments, since their decreased environmental complexity limits the potential ecosystem, because they presented a decrease in environmental complexity. The study was conducted in 34 streams, 17 located within the territory of Caxiuanã National Forest, and 17 in its surroundings, located close to Portel and Melgaço cities (PA). The process of urbanization is expanding in the region, reaching areas of forests and streams that are still preserved. There is also an intense logging, because the area is included in the main timber pole of the estuary in the state of Pará. The physical habitat was evaluated according to a standardized protocol of stream environmental assessment. The samplings were conducted with hand nets passed along 150 meter long reaches during six hours (divided among segments and collectors). Although a set of metrics which responded to the local impact gradient has been detected these were not sufficient to reduce or increase the number of species across different levels of preservation, maintaining substantially constant the wealth and abundance for all three groups (altered, intermediate and preserved). However, the difference was significant for the composition, with eleven exclusive exclusive species of altered habitats and eight preserved environments. The degradation of the physical environment, even at smaller scales favors the occurrence and abundance of most tolerant species and phenotypic plasticity, in addition to the population increase of opportunistic species. Different effects can be exerted on the groups of species that make up a community, since they have different biological and ecological attributes that include your answers to the same ecological variables. Therefore, the possible deconstruction of community groups of species (taxonomic, functional, etc.) may show different responses to the changes of habitat, being a promising strategy for linking environmental standards of richness characteristics displayed by these communities. Assessment of biotic integrity is also an alternative to identify effects of habitat alteration on species, especially considering the region’s peculiarity and the lack of information about the local ichthyofauna.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação sanitária de água de cultivo e de ostras da zona do salgado, nordeste do Estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-19) KIYATAKE, Daniela Mayumi; RIBEIRO, Karla Tereza Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2654817572738748; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
The cultivation of oyster species of the genus Crassostrea is expanding in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Pará. This study analyzes the sanitary quality of the oysters and the water in which they are cultivated in the local municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas and Curuçá. Samples were collected monthly between June, 2009, and May, 2010. Water samples were collected from the flood and the ebb tides, and approximately 15 oysters were obtained each month. Coliform concentrations were determined using the multiple-tube fermentation technique, followed by the biochemical identification of the bacteria and determination the susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli isolated from oysters and water samples. The geometric mean concentration of thermotolerant coliforms in the water was 119 MPN/100 mL in São Caetano de Odivelas and 163,21 MPN/100 mL in Curuçá, well above the limit of 43 MPN/100 mL established by the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA). As Brazilian legislation on the sanitary quality of bivalve mollusks covers only the processed product, the European Union legislation, which assigns oysters for raw consumption to three sanitary classes, was adopted for the evaluation of the results of the present study. In São Caetano de Odivelas only two of the samples collected during this study were assigned to class A, seven samples to class B and three samples to class C. While in Curuçá three samples were assigned to class A, seven samples to class C and two samples to class C. The results suggest the need for mitigation measures to ensure the health quality of the oysters, such as the application of methods of depuration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da biologia reprodutiva de Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757) no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-30) PAIXÃO, Leonardo Fernandes da; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
The present study analyzed gonadal development in Crassostrea gasar from an Amazonian estuary and characterized the relationship between the reproductive cycle and the variation in abiotic factors. Samples of approximately 20 oysters were collected each month between August, 2009, and December, 2010. The study period was divided into four seasonal periods (dry, dry-rainy transition, rainy, and rainy-dry transition). The salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration of the water were measured in situ during the collection of specimens. The gonads were dissected and analyzed histologically. A total of 353 specimens were collected, of which 190 were female, 161 were male, and two were hermaphrodite. Histologically, the specimens were classified in four gonadal stages: I – immature; II – maturing; III – mature, and IV – spawned (females) and spermiated (males). Of the abiotic factors analyzed, only salinity and rainfall varied significantly over the study period, with correlations being found between these factors and gonadal maturation, suggesting that they influence the reproductive cycle of the species. A predominance of mature (stage III) and maturing individuals were recorded during the rainy and rainy-dry periods (low salinity and high rainfall), whereas immature (I) and spawned/spermiated (IV) specimens were more common during the dry and dry-rainy periods (high salinity and low rainfall). Given this, the collection of seeds for farming would be recommended during the latter period, when spawned/spermiated oysters were more common.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica populacional e distribuição espacial de Petrolisthes armatus Gibbes, 1850 (Crustacea; Porcellanidae) do estuário de Marapanim, litoral amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-16) SILVA, Dalila Costa; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e ecomorfologia de Neritina zebra (Bruguiere, 1792) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritidae), em um estuário amazônico, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-25) CUNHA, Cristiane Vieira da; SANTOS, Franklin Noel dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2437036625902034; LEE, James Tony; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1693070833836566
The present study evaluates the vertical distribution of Neritina zebra in rocky outcrops in the lower and middle intertidal, intertidal as well as the horizontal distribution between rocky and clay substratas of an estuary in the Brazilian Amazon. The sampling areas are located in an oligohaline area in Icoaraci, Mosqueiro and Colares, at the coast of the State of Pará, Brasil. To evaluate the vertical distribution on orocky substrata, substratamolluscs were esampled in the lower and middle intertidal. intertidal In the lower mesolittoralmto, where clay and rocky substrata occur, substrataoccursamples were collected to verify the effect of the substrata on othe distribution of the mollusc.For each substrata and intertidal zonet zone, 22 replicates were randomly sampledusing a quadrant of 25x25cm² during the rainyrainy and dry season. An Analysis of Variance was seasonAAVancewasperformed to test (1) the effect of the intertidal zone and (2) the substrata onsubstratao the density of N. zebra. Analysis Athe vertical distribution results showed that in the lower zone, ,juvenile individuals show a higher density than in the middle zone, and an oppositeand anp pattern compared with adults appear to occur.Regarding the distribution on the different substrata,on the differentsubstrata results showed higher densities ono rocky substrate than onon clay substrata for young individuals, whereas no definite pattern was detected for adultss. This variability between the substrata and intertidal zones showed the influence of the seasons and the sampling sites. Icoaraci showed theshowedlowest densities, which can be associated to the anthropic activities in that area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia e etnoecologia de Hypancistrus zebra (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) no rio Xingu, Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-05) GONÇALVES, Alany Pedrosa; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
H. Zebra is a fish species of the Loricariidae family, Ancistrinae subfamily, endemic of the Xingu River, with distribution from Belo Monte to the confluence of the Xingu and Iriri rivers. Being a species with great market value aquarist ornamental his capture became rampant, making it an endangered species. Despite strong pressure on H. zebra, there are still few studies on the species. Thus, given the scarcity of basic information and the constant threats, knowing the biology and ecology of H. zebra, aggregating the results of scientific research, also the local ecological knowledge of fishermen ornamental trade about this species becomes an essential tool for the conservation of the species. The distribution of H. zebra is restricted to a small stretch of the Xingu River, between Gorgulho da Rita and Itaubinha, and does not occur evenly, it depends on the presence of boulders. A total of 283 individuals of H. zebra were visualized in the rocky outcrops of the study area, of which 232 were captured. The lowest average abundance was Gorgulho da Rita, as opposed to the site Jericoá with the greatest abundance. Between periods, there was a greater abundance in dry river and lowest value for the period of filling. Environmental factors had no significant influence on the abundance of H. zebra. H. zebra is a generalist species, feeding mainly of periphytic algae, debris, plant debris and sponges, while nematodes and millipedes were considered occasional items. Diet composition and abundance of H. zebra showed no significant differences for collection sites, periods of the year and ontogeny. Considering the composition and abundance of the diet, H. zebra can be considered an iliophagousomnivorous, and ability to adapt changes in food availability in the construction of the Hidroeletric Belo Monte. Ornamental trade fishermen demonstrate expert knowledge concerning the distribution and abundance, habitat, feeding, predation and reproduction of the H. zebra, which can be used to optimize work and to facilitate future management measures. The construction of the Hydroeltric Belo Monte Hydroelectric is a threat to the survival of H. zebra and future studies and monitoring of the species are needed, either as mitigation of impacts, either as to captive breeding as an alternative income coastal communities who depend on fishing on the Xingu river ornamental.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura da comunidade microfitoplanctônica da área de influência da UHE de Tucuruí-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-02) TAVARES, Milena Daisy Ribeiro Monteiro; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A pesca de curral no município de São Caetano de Odivelas-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-22) FIDELLIS, Carolina de Nazaré Aleixo; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
The fish weir is one of the most traditional and productive fishing gear from the coast of Pará. Its production reaches about 10% of fisheries production of Northeastern of Pará (Santos et al., 2005). The fishing productivity depends on the type of the corral and as the place where it is installed. To achieve this work, 12 fishing corrals were selected and classified according to the type (heart, shoves and pipe), the place of installation ("edge/brink" or "out") and the type of environment in which it is (riverbanks, the edge of the beach and sandbar/banks), were georeferenced and had its fishing productivity accompanied during the period of harvest (June, July and August) from 2012. In the community of San Juan de Ramos, were found roadside corrals 3 of type heart, installed on the banks of the Paruipema River, and 3 corrals out of type shoves, installed on sandbanks in the beaches mouse and of the sailor. In the community of Aê, were monitored 6 classified as corrals of the edge, 3 of type heart and 3 of type pipe, and all met installed in beach Ponta de Itaipu. 4.274 individuals were captured, distributed in 9 orders, 20 families and 43 species of fish. The order Perciformes was the one that presented the largest number of families (10 families or 50% of the total), the largest number of species (19 or 44%) and the largest number of individuals (3,190 or 75% of the total). Sciaenidae and Ariidae families are the most abundant in the region both in number of species and individuals. The Sciaenidae family was presented the highest number of individuals (2,855 or 67%), but had fewer species (8 or 19%) that the family Ariidae, with 10 species or 23% of the total. Of the 43 species caught, the four most represented were: Macrodon ancylodon (51%), Arius couma (9%), Cynoscion virescens (9%) and Mugil incilis (4%). The comparison of the catch between the Stockyards and localities over the months of monitoring indicated that the total production of corrals differed between the types of corrals associated with your location.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação espaço temporal da comunidade zooplanctônica em viveiros de cultivo de camarão branco, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), no município Curuçá, Pará-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-04) NASCIMENTO, Atilla Melo do; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia e ecologia trófica de Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) no Rio Araguari, na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-25) TRINDADE, Paulo Arthur de Abreu; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
This research aims to contribute to the knowledge of biology and trophic ecology of the species H. unimaculatus in Araguari river, in the influence area hydropower Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brazil. The study region corresponds to a portion of the river basin Araguari. Samples were collected bimonthly from May 2009 to July 2010. Batteries were used for mesh networks (2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, cm between opposite knots with 10 m x 1.5 m in height) and casting net (15 and 20 mm). The gillnets were exposed during 17 h, with inspects every 3h. The specimens collected were kept on ice and preserved in 10% formalin. They were weighed (Total Weight) and measured (Total Length). Sex was identified from the macroscopic analysis of gonads, which were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin. The stomachs were weighed and preserved in 70% alcohol. The environment was characterized by the multivariate analyzes. The length structure of the population, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, relative abundance and biomass were evaluated. The location and time of reproduction, size at first maturation and spawning type, were also studied. The trophic ecology was evaluated by feeding activity and content organic matter. Food items were analyzed by the methods of frequency of occurrence, degree of food preference and the feendig index. The results showed that the area downstream of the dam and lake area was greater transparency of the water in the reservoir depth and predominant amount was larger values of pH. The average length was 193.74 mm (80-258 mm ± 22.71 mm) and mean weight was 70.90 g (10- 160 g ± 23.99 g). There were significant differences in length for the periods of the year. The increase of the species was negative allometric (b = 2.34). The sex ratio was 2:1 favoring females. The relative abundance and biomass were higher in the reservoir and lake area. Spawning occurred between the months of November 2009 and January 2010, individuals preferentially spawn in the reservoir and the lake. The total spawning type and size at first maturity is from 157.5 mm. The species has iliófaga-detritivorous feeding habit with a tendency to omnivory. The feeding strategy is general, but dominant for items phytoplankton and detritus. The species H. unimaculatus, has adapted successfully to the dams and their diet may have been altered before the changes caused by the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As populações pesqueiras e a maricultura: um olhar sobre os processos de diminuição dos recursos pesqueiros no litoral paraense - RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-07) DIAZ, Rafael Paiva de Oliveira; RAVENA CAÑETE, Voyner; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323
This dissertation work on fish populations in the coastal Pará, from their natural relationships based on knowledge about the use of natural resources, can contribute to the implementation of successful strategies in reducing the pressure on natural resources in common use. For this work turns to the village of Lauro Sodré, located in Resex Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Curuçá County, northeastern Pará. The village of Lauro Sodré is the banks of the river Tijoca, having a vegetation composed of forests lush mangroves, which provide extraction of mangrove resources in the community , and favorable conditions for mariculture, which was established since 2006, with the creation of the Aquaculture Association of the village of Lauro Sodré (Aquavila), with the cultivation oyster. The mariculture has been used as one of the strategies adopted by the United Nations Foundation Units for Food and Agriculture (FAO), to stop the pressure on marine resources in common use worldwide. Objective of this study contribute to a reflection on how the people of the Amazonian coast, from their relationships with nature, build processes for successful or not halt the decline of fishery resources in the region. It is possible to observe how diverse and complex the scenario of the use of common resources in the Municipality of Curuçá, more specifically in the village of Lauro Sodré, the Resex Mãe Grande de Curuçá. They introduced themselves as the main difficulties for the realization of cultivation, the availability of resources in nature favoring the extraction and the lack of incentive from the state. You can see that they are intrinsic to the way of life of local residents the knowledge and techniques necessary for mariculture is consolidated as an effective strategy to curb the exploitation of marine resources in coastal Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espaço-temporal da ictiofauna de poças de maré de um estuário amazônico: interação de fatores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-28) OLIVEIRA, Rory Romero de Sena; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
The intertidal rockpool ichthyofauna has been studied for several years in temperate and tropical regions at the Pacific Coast, however, in Brazil, the knowledge about it is still incipient. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fish assemblages in tidepools located in three different habitats: rocky outcrop, mangrove forest and salt marsh, at Areuá Island, Curuçá river estuary, North Brazil. Samples were taken quarterly from February 2009 to November 2009, during the spring tide, following a standardized methodology. The physicochemical parameters changed along a topographic gradient and were responsible for the spatio-temporal distribution of fish fauna at rocky outcrop tidepools. Salinty, mean depth and substrate heterogeneity were the parameters that more explained the variations in fish fauna distribution A clear segregation of fish assemblages was found between the tidepools of rocky outcrop and vegetated habitats (tideools in mangrove forest and saltmarsh). These findings suggest that the fish fauna has preferences for some habitats influenced by environmental variables and substrate heterogeneity. However, more researches should be conducted taking into account inter-and intra-specific relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Segregação espaço-temporal das assembléias de peixes em ambientes de entremaré não vegetado e canal subtidal de um estuário de macromaré no norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-28) LOUREIRO, Sarita Nunes; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
Various estuarine environments are hydrologically and ecologically connected and provide vital functions to several aquatic organisms. Spatial and temporal segregation were observed in fish assemblages structure (average biomass) in the subtidal channel and intertidal nonvegetated environments in the estuary of the Marapanim River, North Brazil. Monthly fish sampling were carried out between August 2006 and July 2007 at the subtidal channel and intertidal non-vegetated environments using a beam trawl and beach seine, respectively. A total of 41,496 individuals belonging to 29 families and 76 species was collected. Species richness in the subtidal channel (71 species) was higher than in the intertidal non-vegetated environments (51 species). Different associations in the composition of the species and functional guilds were observed between the subtidal channel and the intertidal non-vegetated environments, through the Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Significant differences in fish fauna composition were found between environments, seasons and zones, through Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). The fine sediments (silt-clay), sand and salinity were the most important factors structuring the fish assemblages. In summary, these results can be associated to the fish tolerance to environmental factors, and to different feeding type.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biodiversidade e variação espaço-temporal da abundância das populações de camarões e estrutura populacional de Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) (Penaeidae) em um estuário do litoral amazônico brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-22) FERREIRA, Valdimere; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264841936875017
This study investigated the biodiversity and spatial-temporal distribution of abundance of populations of shrimp and described the population structure of the Farfantepenaeus subtilis in an Amazonian Estuary. The shrimps were collected monthly from August 2006 to July 2007 in the rainy (January to June) and dry (July to December) season with bottom trawling and beach seine in the Middle-Upper (MU), Medium (M) and Low (L) sectors. In each sector two sites were sampled, of which two bottom trawling five minutes each and three beach seine of 150 m2 each were performed. The variables: temperature, pH and salinity of water and grain size and organic matter of the sediment were analyzed. For each shrimp were recorded the length Total - CT and cephalothorax - CC, total weight, sex and stage of gonadal maturation. The salinity differ between sectors I and MS (p <0.05) and M showed low organic matter content. The salinity differ significantly among sectors I and MS (p <0.05) and M showed low organic matter content. In all sectors the sand grains were prevalent on substrate, especially the fine sand in sector M. A total of 11,939 shrimps were collected, divided into twelve species and six families. Palaemonidae and Penaeidae had higher richness with five and three species, respectively. Penaeidae, Sergestidae and Palaemonidae had higher abundance, with Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, F. subtilis, Acetes marinus and Nematopalaemon schmitti, contributing 43, 31, 21 and 1.3% of the total catch, respectively. The species F. subtilis, X. kroyeri and Litopenaeus schmitti contributed 97% of the total biomass. The density and biomass from F. subtilis differ between the rainy and dry seasons (p <0.05) being higher in rainy season. In the rainy season, the density of X. kroyeri was higher in sectors M and I and dry season in sectors MS and M with higher biomass in sector I in both seasons. The density and biomass A. marinus was high in sector I (p <0.05). The salinity, sand, silt and clay significantly influenced the spatial and temporal distribution of abundance of shrimps (p <0.05). The CC of female F. subtilis was higher than males with 13.7 mm and 12.8 mm, respectively and differed in March (p <0.05). Females were more abundant and sex ratio was 0.8:1 especially in January, February, May and the total analysis (p <0.05). Developed shrimps occurred in rainy and abundance of juveniles was higher from January to June when it occurs the most intense peak spawning in the open sea.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Participação e conhecimentos femininos na inserção de novas espécies de pescado no mercado e na dieta alimentar dos pescadores da RESEX Mãe Grande em Curuçá/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-30) PALHETA, Marllen Karine da Silva; RAVENA CAÑETE, Voyner; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961199993740323
This paper aims to describe the main as the traditional knowledge of women shellfish and fisher of river and sea, the locality of Caratateua, RESEX Marine Mom Large Curuçá – PA, contributes to market integration and commercialization of new species of fish. Therefore, the paper uses a methodology qualitative and quantitative, disposing of data that point to a scarcity of the species is much appreciated in the local market, as well as presents the knowledge traditional female on key species that comprise the diet of fishermen as a way to bring new species in the local market. The paper describes, more, species that have been entered into the system from the feminine knowledge. Data collection occurred in the period from March to August 2012. The methodological techniques were semi-structured interviews and participant observation. To characterize the community socioeconomically were applied 76 questionnaires with residents. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with fishers / seafood community, being applied 10 questionnaires and market in the city of Curuçá were applied 9 questionnaires sent to sellers of fish. The interviews showed the changes over the years, evidencing the shortage of traditional species, both the table fisherman as the consumer market. Stresses, especially, as the woman has a fundamental role in inclusion of new species in both sectors, because there is a greater perception about the natural resources consumption.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica de Tometes Valenciennes, 1850 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) das drenagens do Escudo das Guianas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-21) ANDRADE, Marcelo Costa; JÉGU, Michel Louis Arthur Marie Ange François; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1270768412397418; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
The genus Tometes Valenciennes, 1850 was originally described for the typespecies T. trilobatus, by presenting incisiform and bi- tricuspid teeth. However, the genus was synonymized with Myleus Müller and Troschell, 1844 for approximately a century and a half until being revalidated with an addition of two new species descriptions, T. lebaili and T. makue. This study presents a taxonomic review of Tometes from Guyana Shield where the three nominal species are recognized as valid and here were re-described, also a new species from Trombetas basin was described, increasing the diversity and distribution of genus. Among the main characteristics of diagnosis were observed: T. trilobatus is distinguishes from its congeners by having dentary and premaxillary teeth with the central cusp with rounded edge (vs. teeth with the central cusp or principal cusp with sharp edge). T. lebaili differs from others Tometes by having mouth oblique dorsally directed (vs. terminal mouth). T. makue is different by having a few spines on the serrae prepelvic, always between 0 and 9 spines (vs. over 9 spines). Already the new species is distinguished by the neurocranium with a slight concavity at the level of the epiphyseal bar, and also by having scales of irregular size (vs. dorsal profile of the neurocranium without a slight concavity, and scales of regular size). All species of Tometes are strictly rheophilic, and occur exclusively in the rapids of shield rivers, complex and fragile biotopes that are threatened by anthropogenic activities. The conclusions reached by this study highlight the urgent challenge to understand more fully existing species/habitat relationships.