Compreendendo as percepções sobre os potenciais impactos das mudanças climáticas em comunidades costeiras: um estudo de caso na área marinha protegida de Soure, costa amazônica brasileira

Abstract

The study explores the perceptions of RESEX Soure communities regarding climate change, examining the complex relationships between these coastal communities and environmental changes. The research employed a structured questionnaire administered to 288 participants, representing 20% of the registered beneficiaries of the unit (Icmbio, 2018). The data collected included quantitative and qualitative insights on awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation to climate change. The results reveal that 95.14% of respondents have a monthly income of up to one minimum wage (R$ 1,100 in 2021), reflecting the community's economic vulnerability. Regarding education, 61.46% have completed primary school, while only 2.08% have tertiary education. Most participants (58%) were born and continue to reside in the RESEX, relying heavily on extractive activities such as fishing, shellfish collection, and crab harvesting. Respondents reported noticeable environmental changes, including rising temperatures (73%), shifts in rainfall patterns (68%), and biodiversity loss (65%). These changes directly impact livelihoods, particularly fishing, which was identified as the main economic activity by 70% of participants. Additionally, 85% highlighted the importance of public policies and educational programs focused on mitigating climate impacts as critical to community adaptation efforts. While focused on RESEX Soure, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating local knowledge into broader climate adaptation strategies. The findings underscore the need for participatory approaches, scientifically informed and tailored to local realities, to ensure the effectiveness of public policies and enhance the resilience of coastal communities.