Artigos - Amazônica/UFPA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/13204

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Um quadro histórico das populações indígenas no alto rio Madeira durante o século XVIII
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) SILVA, Cliverson Gilvan Pessoa da; COSTA, Angislaine Freitas
This article examines the history of the Indians in the upper Rio Madeira during the eighteenth century. This highly culturally diverse area, with a poorly known indigenous history is the subject of a historical reflection on the variability of ethnonyms in space, movements for territorial expansion or migration, as well as the impact of colonization on these groups. It shows the importance of travelers accounts for a more detailed picture of eighteenth century.
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Política curricular e relações raciais: inflexões preliminares nas produções da ANPED
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06) SANTOS, Raquel Amorim dos; SILVA, Rosângela Maria de Nazaré Barbosa e
This study examines papers in the Proceedings of Annual Meetings (25th to 34th) of the National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Education (ANPED/GT-21), published in the section of racial relations and education in the period 2000-2011. The results reveal that the research on education and racial relations drive new meanings and the possibility of a democratic construction that builds on the recognition of ethnic and racial differences, which is imposed by the need for affirmative action policies, aiming at ensure access and equal treatment for persons of African descent in all spheres of social life.
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Caminhos e ausências no patrimônio da saúde em Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) MIRANDA, Cybelle Salvador; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; HENRIQUE, Márcio Couto
This article presents the results of an inventory on the historical trajectory of health institutions in the city of Belem, taking into account its architecture and the role changes that have suffered over time. These changes are imprinted both on the buildings and the memories of the Belem population, as well as in the absences resulted from the demolitions. The resulting documentation includes institutional documents, old and current photographs, architectural drawings and interviews, which constitute a collection untapped for understanding health care in northern Brazil. The reconstruction of the trajectories of deployment and movement of the institutions studied contributes to the understanding of the process of urban expansion, with occupancy of wetlands (due to the implementation of hospices) and land areas, as prioritized by hygienists policies.
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"Estava pescando de malhadeira, vi na praia uns cascos brilhando, era luar, abeirei a terra e fui pegar": práticas de pesca de quelônios na várzea Amazônica (Santarém-PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; BARBOZA, Myrian Sá Leitão; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito
The present article analyzes the turtle poaching techniques used in a Amazon floodplain area of Santarém, north of Brazil. Our interests included the local ecological knowledge involved, selectivity and seasonal and spatial variations on the technique choice. The data were collected between May 2006 and June 2008 through informal conversations, monitoring of fishing activity and participant observation of turtle fishing in the communities of Ilha de São Miguel, Costa do Aritapera and ÁguaPreta. We found a broad combination of different techniques based on deep and detailed knowledge of the river turtle species natural history, including the influence of the hydrological cicle on the feeding, movement and reproductive behavior. The fishermen recognize seasonal variations and, combined with local knowledge, use this information when selecting the technique to be used to catch turtles. We encourage the implementation of participatory management for the sustainable use of river turtles in the study area, and suggest the alternative of establishing rules based on techniques and periods of the year.
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Interpretações de programas de políticas públicas por mulheres extrativistas de mangaba em Sergipe
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SCHMITZ, Heribert; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; SILVA JUNIOR, Josue Francisco da; RODRIGUES, Raquel Fernandes de Araújo
The objective of this paper is to analyze the local interpretations of public policy programs by mangaba gatherer women. The Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the Insurance Program for Artisan Fishermen were assessed, regarding women with regular or occasional participation. Field observations and open and semi-structured interviews were carried out and analyzed in the light of the theoretical contributions of sociology. The findings indicate that both programs provide improved income and higher self-regard to the affiliates. They differ, however, regarding the use of natural resources: temporarily interrupted in the case of fishing and stimulated in the mangaba gathering. In relation to the local interpretations, the relationships promoted by the PAA are more market-like due to the contractual requirements. The Insurance for Fishermen is perceived locally as a welfare program, a sort of support from the government to the poor population, demanding however a return, which depends on the individual conscience.
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A educação na Região Norte: apontamentos iniciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) BENTO, Maria Aparecida da Silva; COELHO, Wilma de Nazaré Baía; COELHO, Mauro Cezar; FERNANDES, Daniela Martins Pereira
This paper discusses aspects of the education in the North region, in particular, in the State of Pará; offers a focus on cultural diversity, especially concern on the education of indigenous peoples, maroon and peasants’ communities. It analyses documents and projects of partner organizations of the “North of Knowledge” Program. We conclude that education in the North requires detailed analysis on its various dimensions. It should be noted that the processes articulated by civil society are collective good cheer, to guide the construction of a proposed collective democratic quality education that considers the territorial diversity and human, and overcoming inequalities.
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Os escravos da misericórdia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) HENRIQUE, Márcio Couto
This article analyzes the relationship of the Holly House of Mercy of Pará with their own slaves, along the 19th century. Based on documents produced by the presidents of the Province of Pará and the Holly House providers' reports, the article presents a historical account of the treatment dispensed to the slaves, the tasks were asked to perform, the conditions provided for such tasks, the importance of the slave work force as a source of income for the institution, the slaves' role during times of epidemics diseases, the diseases they were subjected to and the treatment they received. The research shows that, if eventually they used the institution medical services, it wouldn't be in hospitals as Holly House of Mercy that the slaves would find support to express their distress under the pressures of servitude.
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Associação Indígena Tembé de Santa Maria do Pará (AITESAMPA): um relato sobre a luta por direitos étnicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) FERNANDES, Edimar Antonio; SILVA, Almir Vital da; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe
To protect the Federal Constitution with regard to the rights of indigenous peoples is a task of a great level of difficulty. Non-governmental organizations such as the associations created to develop projects in promotion of ethnic rights and the understanding of ethnic identity represent indigenous peoples interests in both internal and external negotiations as means to build autonomy and self determination. An example of such political action is the Indigenous Association of Tembé People from Santa Maria do Pará (AITESAMPA) as they have their land located within Pará State territory. AITESAMPA fights for the identity rights and survival needs of the Tembé people who were expelled from their original land in the Nineteenth Century and forced to walk about until finally relocated in Santa Maria municipality in Pará State territory. This study is dedicated to analyze the action of the Association from the perspective of social and ethnic initiatives which allow for the consolidation of the Tembé identity. It also analyzes strategies and topics originated in projects conceived with the purpose to protect Indigenous rights. The Association aims at establishing dialogue with Brazilian State and non-indigenous society who deny their rights and do not accept them. This Tembé group is not recognized within the ethnological literature which is mostly dedicated to the Tembé who are located at the Upper Guamá River. The investigation is developed from indigenous narratives and by following social movement. Authors are involved and have an implicated view as two are members of the Indigenous group and non-indigenous member has been summoned to aid them in their endeavour.
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Early hunter-gatheres in the Terra Firme Rainforest: stemmed projectile points from the Curuá goldmines
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) ROOSEVELT, Anna Curtenius; DOUGLAS, John E.; LIMA, Anderson Marcio Amaral; SILVEIRA, Maura Imazio da; BARBOSA, Carlos Augusto Palheta; BARRETO, Mauro Vianna; SILVA, Wanderley Souza da; BROWN, Linda J.
A pattern of accidental stone-tool finds in the terra firme of the Curua river in the middle Xingu basin suggest a widespread occupation by preceramic hunter-gatherers there, contrary to expectations that the tropical rainforest has insufficient food resources away from the Amazon floodplain. The stone tools include finely flaked stemmed projectile points possibly related to some from terminal Pleistocene contexts at Caverna da Pedra Pintada, Monte Alegre. The food remains with the Monte Alegre tools were from broad-spectrum rupestral and riverine forest foraging. The Xingu points were recovered by artisanal gold-miners in sands and gravels under the Curua river. The miners come across the tools while digging and screening gold-bearing sediments. Those deposits also sometimes contain plant remains and prehistoric wooden artifacts, potential sources of information about ancient habitat, subsistence, and technology. The research team of the Lower Amazon project traveled to several of the underwater find-sites with the miners to prepare for excavations in the future. At one site, Curupite, where miners had found a large stemmed point and a complete palm-wood harpoon foreshaft in 1986, the team used scuba equipment to survey the stream bed and mine pits and map the topography with laser theodolite.
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Precolumbian land use and settlement pattern in the Santarém region, lower Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) STENBORG, Per; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; LIMA, Marcio Amaral
One of the most promising areas for the study of pre-Columbian complex societies in the Amazon River basin is the area of the lower Tapajos, Trombetas and Nhamundá rivers. There are written accounts on the Konduri and Tapajó Indians, presenting information on their regional social organization, trade patterns, abundance of foods, and material world. Hence, archaeological evidences – immense sites, full of anthrosols remains, and beautiful artefacts – may be contrasted with written information. These rich cultural deposits are vanishing at an alarming rate, as urban centres grow, and agriculture expands in the region. Despite this situation, little archaeological research has been conducted in the area, especially when it comes to investigations of ancient settlement systems and trade patterns. In the last couple of years, we have performed surveys in the Lower Tapajós River basin. The archaeological record indicates that pottery showing strong stylistic resemblance to that found at the large central site is spread at least as far as 90km to the south of present Santarém city. This article presents the results of a regional survey in the vicinities of Santarém, in the Belterra plateau, and Alter do Chão, offering a preliminary settlement system analysis in the region.
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O tempo dos patrões 'brabos': fragmentos da história da ocupação humana da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, AM
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) ALENCAR, Edna Ferreira
This article aims to present some aspects of the social and economic history that characterized the human occupation of the Sustainable Development Reserve Amanã territory from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Data comes from oral reports of people living in several towns, collected during intensive field research. The oral stories tell about the difficulties and challenges faced by dozens of families in order to guarantee their subsistence; about the ways that extrativism was conducted as the basic economic enterprise in the region; and also the role played by the traders (the employers), in the process of occupation of that territory, and its subsequent replacement by other agents of development.
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Os bancos de cerâmica marajoara: seus contextos e possíveis significados simbólicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) ALVES, Daiana Travassos; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl
This article presents a study on the pottery stools of the marajoara phase of the Amazonian polychrome tradition, based on data obtained during fieldwork and laboratory analysis. Ethnohistorical and ethnographic information are used to construct hypotheses about the possible uses and meanings of the probable circular pottery seats found on the island of Marajó, which rare in other ethnographic and archaeological contexts. The absence of stools in funerary contexts is taken as an indication of its mundane use, although they may have been used in other ritual contexts as well. The analyses of these objects’ iconography, where incised designs predominate, suggest that they might mimic woven fiber mats; therefore it is logic they would serve as seats. Finally, an ethnographic description of a female castration ceremony is presented showing the use of four exotic and rare objects, which are all part of the marajoara phase material culture assemblage. The ethnographic analogy in this case brings new possibilities to understand the possible uses for marajoara phase stools.
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Contatos e fronteiras: um enfoque arqueológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MARTINS, Cristiane Maria Pires
This article proposes a debate on cultural contacts in the Amazon region in pre-colonial times. Ethnohistorical information and archaeological data obtained through surveys conducted in the lower Tapajós river are confronted with other contexts in the lower Amazon, in order to substantiate the hypothesis that the wide distribution of the Incised-and-Punctate ceramics indicate regional cultural interaction between social groups in a cultural network of shared cosmologies. This is realized through the study of material culture socially produced and signified, which is understood as an indicator of social ties that transposed geographical boundaries, were vehicles of cultural identity, and active agents of social belonging. Similarities and differences between groups that occupied the region are examined through landscape use patterns and material culture, using the ceramics from the Alvorada archaeological site in the city of Itaituba, Pará, as a case study.
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"Indigitado estrupício": arqueologia e significados acerca do muro do Forte do Presépio (Belém-Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) LOPES, Rhuan Carlos dos Santos
During the years 1999 and 2002, the Fort of Nativity in Belém, Pará state, was the target of multidisciplinary research for its restoration and adaptation for its further musealization, according to “Feliz Lusitania” project. One of the sciences that are devoted to this research is the archeology, having a significant role in driving this project. During this process, a specific subject, which did not respect to archaeological research, took a great dimension: the overthrow of a wall that appeared between the street and fortification. In this context, the wall was considered a "phantasmagoria" that prevented the ancient symbiosis between the fortress and the city. However, the demolition of the wall was a decision made behind the backs of archeology team, but according to the aesthetic and functional interests of the museum plan. To justify this action, a series of assignments were given to that artifact ("Indignant conflict”, “aberration”, "freak"). This paper aims to discuss two aspects: (a) the meanings given to the wall, understood as an artifact capable of giving rise to "different ways of seeing and acting in the world", and (b) the effective positioning of the archeology facing the overthrow of the wall.
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Etnoecologia da pesca na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho do Anfrísio - Terra do Meio, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
This article presents some ethnoecological aspects of the fishing activity in Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve, a protected area (PA) located in the municipality of Altamira, State of Pará, Brazil. This PA was created in 2004 through a joint initiative of the riverines and Transamazonian Highway and Xingu social movements. Fishing is one of the most important productive activities in this extractive reserve. By using ethnoecological methods this study addresses the cosmologies and the knowledge related to the use of fish for subsistence and commercial purposes. Our results showed that the riverine people demonstrate a high level of knowledge regarding their ecosystems and the fish biodiversity, which must be considered part of the local biocultural heritage. This knowledge must be also integrated in the conservation strategies taken place in that region.
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Nas dobras da memória oficial: cidade, imagem e história na voz de rezadeiras de Capanema-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) SILVA, Jerônimo da Silva e; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf
In Capanema, northeastern Pará, prayer women, motivated by photographs, weave historical narratives unfolding trajectories of Northeastern migrants to the city, producing conflicting representations of daily urban life. Through sensibilities woven in symbiosis of body, voice and images, the narrators produce reading practices that allow questioning the conventional writing of local history, enshrined in mental games of hundreds of residents. This article, therefore, following the methodology of oral history and dialoguing with Cultural Studies and Anthropology of Religion scholars, when comparing the reading of official images with the interpretation given by the prayers on plots and dramas on the town, under a view "from below” and popular perspective, challenge crystallized imaginary, bringing to the writing of history other experiences and cultural landscapes, commonly placed in the folds of portraits framed by the discourse of hegemonic power.
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Da Almedina à Feliz Lusitânia: personagens do patrimônio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MIRANDA, Cybelle Salvador
This article compares the forms of appropriation of restored historic places in cities whose cultures and morphologies share similarities, because of their colonial history. Combining iconographic research and interviews, a comparison between the historical downtown in both Coimbra and Belém enabled me to trace a parallel between both cities. I have selected the walled area of Almedida (Coimbra) and the vicinities of Feliz Lusitânia (Belém) in order to investigate the perceptions of the people who lived there and were involved in the restoration processes. I have highlighted the impacts of the remodeling in their daily lives.
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Do ponto de vista do pesquisador: o processo de registro do Círio de Nazaré como patrimônio cultural brasileiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) HENRIQUE, Márcio Couto
This article presents critical reflections concerning the process of registration of the Círio de Nazaré in Belém of Pará (Brazil) as an element of the immaterial brazilian cultural patrimony, in accordance to the Institute of the Historical and National Artistic Patrimony, in 2004. It is a (re)reading of the procedures adopted by the team of responsible research by the elaboration of the inventory and the dossier that based the referred registration. The article thinks about the unfoldings of this action on the different subjects that compose Círio de Nazaré and discusses about publishing the results of the research among the involved social groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Feiras em Altamira, Pará: confluência de universos de significação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; SOUZA, César Augusto Martins de
The rural products originated in the intersections along the Trans-Amazonian Highway are displayed and sold in the Altamira’s Municipal Free Market, Farmers’ Market and the Brasilia Market. The first two are connected and hardly distinguished from one another, located in the commercial center of the city and known as ‘Municipal Market’. They have their peak on Saturday, with a slow movement during the week. The third one, located in the Brasilia neighborhood, stretches along one of the main Altamira streets, the Abel Figueiredo, which offers a variety of products on Sunday mornings. In this article, we describe the markets in their structural characteristics that presuppose the analyses of the social and economic relations there developed.
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Mulheres indígenas e quilombolas: desafios em trajetórias de luta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ALEIXO, Mariah Torres; RUFFEIL, Marjorie Begot; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; MASTOP-LIMA, Luiza de Nazaré